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Bio 2 > Ch 22 > Flashcards

Ch 22 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

As a group, fungi are _____.

- photoautotrophs
- decomposers
- herbivores
- carnivores
- chemoautotrophs
A

decomposers-

Fungi obtain nutrients from nonliving organic matter.

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2
Q

Fungi release digestive enzymes into their _____.

     - surroundings
- gastrovascular cavity
- stomach
- hyphae
- mycelia
A

surroundings -

Fungi then absorb the digested nutrients

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3
Q

Basidia produce spores by a process known as _____.

- decomposition
- mitosis
- meiosis
- hyphae
- binary fission
A

meiosis-

Basidia produce spores by meiosis.

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4
Q

Fungi produce _____ spores.

- dikaryotic
- heterokaryotic
- haploid
- diploid
- triploid
A

haploid

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5
Q

Karyogamy produces a _____.

- diploid zygote
- haploid zygote
- spores
- mycelium
- hypha
A

diploid zygote-

Karyogamy is the fusion of nuclei.

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6
Q

Which of these contains two haploid nuclei?

- the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycle
- zygote
- spore-producing structures
- mycelium
- hypha
A

the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycle-

The heterokaryotic stage is produced by plasmogamy.

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7
Q

Zygosporangia are _____.

    - diploid
- haploid
- heterokaryotic
- haplodiploid
- either haploid or diploid, depending on the type of fungus
A

heterokaryotic -

Zygosporangia are produced by plasmogamy.

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8
Q

Cup fungi are in the phylum _____.

- Zygomycota
- Chytridomycota
- Ascomycota
- Chordata
- Basidiomycota
A

Ascomycota -

Cup fungi are a type of sac fungus.

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9
Q

In sac fungi, karyogamy and meiosis occur in _____.

- ascospores
- antheridia
- asci
- ascogonia
- basidia
A

asci -

Karyogamy and meiosis in asci produce ascospores

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10
Q

A nucleus within an ascus undergoes meiosis, producing four haploid spores, which then undergo mitosis, producing eight haploid ascospores. These haploid ascospores contain a maximum of _____ different genetic types.

- one
- two
- three
- four
- five
A

Four-
Meiosis of a diploid cell produces four genetically different cells. A cell that undergoes mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

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11
Q

True or False- A mushroom is a basidiocarp.

A

True

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12
Q

In club fungi, karyogamy and meiosis occur in _____.

- basidiospores
- basidia
- ovule
- asci
- zygotes
A

basidia-

Karyogamy and meiosis in basidia produce basidiospores

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13
Q

Which structure is not involved in the reproduction of at least one major group of fungi?

- Asci
- Basidia
- Mycelium
- Motile gametes
A

Mycelium -

A mycelium is a network of filaments that forms the body of a fungus.

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14
Q 
Which group of fungi contains edible mushrooms? 
Zygomycota
	-Basidiomycota
	-Chytridiomycota
	-Ascomycota
A

Basidiomycota

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15
Q

True or false. All fungi are thought to be descended from an ancient chytrid

A

True-
This statement is true; like plants and animals, fungi probably originated in a watery environment before colonizing land.

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16
Q

Fungal cell walls are different from plant cell walls because fungal walls contain

- cellulose, whereas plant walls have pectin.
- chitin, whereas plant walls have starch.
- cellulose, whereas plant walls have chitin.
- chitin, whereas plant walls have cellulose.
- glycogen, whereas plant walls have cellulose.
A

chitin, whereas plant walls have cellulose

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17
Q

Which of the following features are characteristic of fungi?

- No cell walls, parasitic, heterotrophic
- No cell walls, feeding by absorption, chemosynthesis
- Cell walls, feeding by absorption, and usually filamentous bodies
- Cell walls, photosynthesis, and usually filamentous bodies
- Cell walls, chemosynthetic, heterotrophic
A

Cell walls, feeding by absorption, and usually filamentous bodies

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18
Q

When you eat mushrooms on your pizza, you are technically eating the

- roots.
- fungal leaves.
- seeds.
- chloroplasts.
- mycelium.
A

mycelium.

19
Q

Lichens can form from the symbiotic relationship between a photosynthetic bacterium and a fungus. True or False?

A

True

20
Q

Molds easily contaminate foods because fungi

- produce huge numbers of airborne spores.
- have haploid bodies.
- are unaffected by cooking.
- are not visible.
- produce temporary, visible reproductive structures.
A

produce huge numbers of airborne spores

21
Q

The conspicuous structures on the surface of a dead tree that indicate a fungus is growing inside are for

- reproduction.
- defense.
- feeding.
- show only.
- pollination.
A

reproduction.

22
Q

If there were no fungi, which of the following would occur?

- Oxygen production would stop.
- Plants would overrun the Earth.
- Grazing animals would be unable to digest plants.
- Nutrient recycling would stop.
A

Nutrient recycling would stop.

23
Q

What creates the holes in bread?

- Alcohol
- Air
- Yeast
- Carbon dioxide
- Oxygen gas
A

Carbon dioxide

24
Q

What are 3 main characteristics of fungus?

A

Hyphea
heterotroph
cell walls made of chitin

25
Q

what is the name for the individual filament of a fungus? For the whole mass?

A

hyphea

mycellium

26
Q

How do the cell walls differ between plants and fungi?

A

fungi cell walls are made of chitin ( what shell fish exoskeletons are made of )

27
Q

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

A

breaking down nutrients stored in the bodies or wastes of other organisms

28
Q

What characteristic is used to divide fungus in 4 different groups?

A

reproductive structures

29
Q

Which group is the most ancient?

A

chytrids- have been found in rocks more than 600 million years old

30
Q

Which group does not have known sexual reproduction?

A

glomeromycete

31
Q

What are the main characteristics of 1. zygomycetes, 2. ascomycetes, 3. basidiomycetes and 4. deuteromycetes?

A
  1. zygosporangium
  2. ascospores
  3. basidiospores
  4. lack sexual reproduction
32
Q

According to number of chromosomes, which generation dominates the fungal life cycle, usually?

A

Haploid (n)

33
Q

What promotes sexual reproduction in fungus?

A

environmental change or stress

34
Q

Which group has flagellated spores?

A

chytrids

fyi rumen fungi & blastoclades

35
Q

Remember the life cycle of a black bread mold

A
  1. asexual reproduction of haploid spores
  2. 2 different hypha begin sexual reproduction
  3. hypha fuse- zygosporangium
  4. haploid spore find zygosporangium and form diploid
  5. diploid undergoes meosis- produces stalk sporangia
  6. haploid spores disperse
  7. If spore lands on suitable substrate they develop into hyphae
36
Q

Which group produces mushrooms in a circle-like fashion? What is this circle called? What can we infer from the size of the circle?

A

Basidiomycetes
Fairy Ring
The bigger the circle the older the fungus

37
Q

Describe two symbiotic associations between fungus and other organisms. In each case describe how each one affects the other.

A

Mycorrhizal- absorbs minerals and organic materials in the soil then gives it to plants who in turn give energy rich sugar (carbs) to fungi
Lichens-fungi provide shelter and protection from harsh conditions in turn the partner provides simple sugars (carbs)

38
Q

Together with a fungus, what kind of organism(s) can make up a lichen?

A

fungus and single cell green algae or cyanobacteria

39
Q

What organism is used to produce beer?

A

yeast

40
Q

What is the tangled mass of branched filaments that typically form the fungal body?

  • conidia
  • hyphae
  • mycelia
  • rhiziods
  • sporangia
A

mycelia

41
Q

Which of the following is most likely to happen if there is a sudden change in tempurature?

  • there is no asexual reproduction
  • there is sexual reproduction
  • there is no embryo produced when fungi reproduce
A

there is no embryo produced when fungi reproduce

42
Q

______ allow the fungus to reproduce and are usually released to be carried on the wind.

  • Flagella
  • Pollen
  • Spores
A

Spores

43
Q 
A haploid asexual spore if formed by haploid mycelium via
-fertilization
-meiosis
-mitosis
pollination
A

mitosis- because this is how they germinate

Bio 2 (12 decks)

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