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Bio 2 > Ch 23 > Flashcards

Ch 23 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Flatworms have bunches of nerve cells that act as a simple brain. The bunches of nerve cells are called____

  • nuclei
  • hemocoels
  • ganglia
  • nerve bundles
A

ganglia

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2
Q

Shedding an old, small exoskeleton to allow a larger on to grow is called____

  • peeling
  • molting
  • flaking
  • grafting
A

molting

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with sponges?

  • epithelial cells
  • connective tissue
  • oscula
  • collar cells
  • active larvae
A

connective tissue

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4
Q

Which of the following distinguishes animals from fungi?

  • animals are multicellular
  • animals are heterotrophs
  • animals cells lack a cell wall
  • animal cells are eukaryotic
A

animals cells lack a cell wall

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5
Q

How many planes through the central axis will divide an organism with bilateral symmetry into roughly equal halves?

  • one
  • two
  • many
A

one

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6
Q

Among animals with a fixed body shape, those that are elongated, such as earthworms or scorpions, have which type of symmetry?

  • none
  • bilateral symmetry
  • anterior
  • radial symmetry
  • ventral
A

bilateral symmetry

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7
Q

Animals that have concentrations of sensory organs ( or even brains) in a well- defined head are a result of the evolution process called ____

  • cephalization
  • fruition
  • progression
  • succession
A

cephalization

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8
Q

Species of which of the following animal phyla are deuterostomes?

  • annelida
  • arthropoda
  • chordata
  • echinodermata
  • both the third and fourth answers are correct
A

both the third and fourth answers are correct

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most animals?

  • heterotrophism
  • capable of movement at some point in the life cycle
  • delayed response to external stimuli
  • sexual reproduction
A

delayed response to external stimuli

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10
Q

Echinoderms are _____.

- deuterostomes
- parazoans
- protostomes
- radiata
- acoelomates
A

deuterostomes

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11
Q

Molluscs are _____.

- protostomes
- acoelomates
- parazoans
- deuterostomes
- radiata
A

protostomes-

The body cavity of mollusks is formed by the splitting of masses of mesoderm

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12
Q

Why are annelids, arthropods, and mollusks placed in the same clade?

- They are diploblastic.
- They are cuticle molted.
- They are protostomes.
- They are deuterostomes.
A

They are protostomes.

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13
Q

Roundworms are classified in the phylum _____.

- Cnidaria
- Nematoda
- Arthropoda
- Porifera
- Annelida
A

Nematoda

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14
Q

At the phylum level, you are most closely related to a(n) _____.

- clam
- sea star
- earthworm
- jelly
- planarian
A

sea star-

The phylum most closely related to the Chordata (the phylum that includes humans) is the Echinodermata (the phylum that includes sea stars).

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15
Q

A _____ is a body cavity that is not completely surrounded by mesoderm-derived tissue

A

pseudocoelom

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16
Q

___ is the concentration of sensory organs and nervous tissue in a defined head region of the body

A

Cephalization

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17
Q

Bilaterally symmetrical animals have three tissue layers that arise during embryonic development: an inner layer of ____, an outer layer of ____, and a layer of _____ that lies in between

A

endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm

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18
Q

During their development, insects undergo ______, a radical change from a juvenile body form to an adult body form

A

metamorphosis

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19
Q

A _____ is a fluid-filled cavity completely lined with a thin layer of tissue that develops from the mesoderm. It separates the body wall from the inner organs.

A

coelom

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20
Q

In organisms with an open circulatory system, blood empties into the ___ where it bathes the internals organs directly.

A

hemocoel

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21
Q

The only animals that lack tissues are

- chytrids.
- cnidarians.
- chordates.
- nematodes.
- sponges.
A

Sponges

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22
Q

Your job is to classify a newly discovered animal species. Your initial studies reveal that your specimen has tissues but lacks organs; has no head, body cavity, or segmentation; and has radial symmetry. To what phylum does this animal belong?

- Cnidaria
- Porifera
- Platyhelminthes
- Annelida
- Mollusca
A

Cnidaria

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23
Q

One trend in the evolution of animals is the increase in the number of tissue (germ) layers during embryonic development. Flatworms and more complex animals have ________ layers.

- three
- four
- five
- six
- two
A

three

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24
Q

Organisms that are radially symmetrical have ________ embryonic germ layers.

- six
- two
- three
- four
- five
A

two

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25
Q

A jointed exoskeleton is a characteristic of ________.

A

arthropods

26
Q

The only invertebrates capable of flight are arachnids. True or False?

A

False

27
Q

Sea stars (starfish) are bilaterally symmetrical at one time in their life cycle. True or False?

A

True

28
Q

The common ancestor of sponges and other animals was probably

- unicellular.
- multicellular without tissues.
- multicellular with tissues but without organ systems.
- multicellular with tissues and many organ systems.
- multicellular with tissues and a few organ systems
A

multicellular with tissues but without organ systems.

29
Q

All animals with tissues have

- two germ layers.
- bilateral symmetry.
- three germ layers.
- radial symmetry.
- symmetrical bodies.
A

symmetrical bodies.

30
Q

The major difference between protostomes and deuterostomes is the

- way the body cavity forms.
- presence or absence of cephalization.
- type of body symmetry.
- presence or absence of tissues.
- presence or absence of a coelom.
A

way the body cavity forms.

31
Q

Giant squids are classified as

- echinoderms.
- arthropods.
- chordates.
- platyhelminthes.
- mollusks.
A

mollusks.

32
Q

Which cnidarian is the basis of an undersea habitat?

- Jellyfish
- Coral
- Hydra
- Sea cucumber
- Anemone
A

Coral

33
Q

Which invertebrate animal group is characterized by having a closed circulatory system?

- Echinodermata
- Arthropoda
- Annelida
- Nematoda
- Platyhelminthes
A

Annelida

34
Q

The low energy demands of nematodes allow them to survive without a

- skeleton.
- reproductive system.
- tubular gut.
- respiratory system.
- body cavity.
A

respiratory system.

35
Q

Which of the following phyla contains animals that reproduce asexually?

- Annelida
- Nematoda
- Cnidaria
- Platyhelminthes
- Mollusca
A

Cnidaria

36
Q

For corals, which of the following is necessary to maintain genetic diversity?

- both asexual and sexual reproduction
- neither asexual nor sexual reproduction
- sexual reproduction
- asexual reproduction
A

sexual reproduction

37
Q

What are the key characteristics of animals?

A 
1-	Multicellular 
2-	Heterotroph 
3-	Most reproduce sexually
4-	Lack cell wall
5-	Motile
6-	Respond quick to stimuli
38
Q

What characteristics make animals them different from fungus; from plants?

A

Fungus: cell walls, non-motile
Plants: autotrophic, non-motile

39
Q

What are the anatomical features that mark branch points on the animal evolutionary tree?

A

1- Tissues
2- Body symmetry
3- Type of development of embryo: Protostome or Deuterstome

40
Q

Differentiate between radial and bilateral symmetry.

A

1- make mouth first (anus is same hole)

2- make anus first

41
Q

What is cephalization?

A

Concentration of sensory organs and a brain in well-defined posterior

42
Q

What are functions associated with a body cavity?

A

1- Act as a skeleton
2- Protective buffer between internal organs & the outside world
3- Allows organs to move independently of the body wall

43
Q

What are the mayor animal phyla?

A 
1-	Porfiera : sponges
2-	Cnidaria: sea jelly, corals
3-	Platyhelminthes: flatworms
4-	Annelida: segmented worms 
5-	Mollusca: clams, snails, squid
6-	Arthropoda: insects, crustaceans
7-	Nematoda: roundworm
8-	Echinodermata: sea stars, sea cucumbers
9-	Chordata:  sea squirts
44
Q

What are some characteristics of sponges?

A

1- Asymmetrical body plan
2- Lack true tissue and organs
3- Body perforated by tiny pore cells
4- Reproduce by butting

45
Q

What are spicules?

A

Internal skeleton made of calcium carbonate, silica, or protein

46
Q

What is an osculum?

A

Large openings in sponge where water exits

47
Q

Mention some type of cnidarians

A

Jellyfish
sea ameboa
coral
hydrozoans

48
Q

Which organisms have a digestive system with a single opening?

A

Cnidarians, Platyhelminthes,

49
Q

What is the excretory structure in annelid worms?

A

Nephridia

50
Q

What is an open circulatory system? What organisms have it?

A

Blood is not confined to heart and blood vessels;

Mollusks & Anthropods

51
Q

What is a closed circulatory system? What organisms have it?

A

distributes gases and nutrients through out body. blood remains confined to the heart and blood vessels.
Annelids, Mullusks: cephalopods,

52
Q

What organisms are characteristic of a larva and pupa stage?

A

Arthropods- insects

53
Q

Mention an organism with a hydrostatic skeleton.

A

Annelids

54
Q

Some worms are hermaphroditic; What does that mean?

A

Have male and female sexual organs: They can produce both male and female gametes

55
Q

Mentions some examples of mollusks

A

Gastropods: Snails, slugs
Bivalves: scallops, oysters
Cephalopods: octopuses, squid

56
Q

What characteristics made cephalopods successful predators?

A

Large brains- capable of learning

Closed circulatory system

57
Q

What is molting and what organisms present it?

A

when an exoskeleton becomes to small it is shed

Arthropods

58
Q

What organisms have 8 eyes?

A

arachnids: spiders only

59
Q

Mention some examples of crustaceans

A 
Crab 
lobster 
shrimp
crayfish 
barnacles
60
Q

Mention some examples of echinoderms

A

Sand dollars
sea urchins
sea stars

61
Q

What kind of symmetry do echinoderms have?

A

As larvae they are bilateral

As adults they are radial

62
Q

From the groups of annelida, arthropoda, echinodermata, and mollusca, which ones are “segmented”?

A

Annelida

Bio 2 (12 decks)

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