Ch 23 Flashcards
Flatworms have bunches of nerve cells that act as a simple brain. The bunches of nerve cells are called____
- nuclei
- hemocoels
- ganglia
- nerve bundles
ganglia
Shedding an old, small exoskeleton to allow a larger on to grow is called____
- peeling
- molting
- flaking
- grafting
molting
Which of the following is NOT associated with sponges?
- epithelial cells
- connective tissue
- oscula
- collar cells
- active larvae
connective tissue
Which of the following distinguishes animals from fungi?
- animals are multicellular
- animals are heterotrophs
- animals cells lack a cell wall
- animal cells are eukaryotic
animals cells lack a cell wall
How many planes through the central axis will divide an organism with bilateral symmetry into roughly equal halves?
- one
- two
- many
one
Among animals with a fixed body shape, those that are elongated, such as earthworms or scorpions, have which type of symmetry?
- none
- bilateral symmetry
- anterior
- radial symmetry
- ventral
bilateral symmetry
Animals that have concentrations of sensory organs ( or even brains) in a well- defined head are a result of the evolution process called ____
- cephalization
- fruition
- progression
- succession
cephalization
Species of which of the following animal phyla are deuterostomes?
- annelida
- arthropoda
- chordata
- echinodermata
- both the third and fourth answers are correct
both the third and fourth answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most animals?
- heterotrophism
- capable of movement at some point in the life cycle
- delayed response to external stimuli
- sexual reproduction
delayed response to external stimuli
Echinoderms are _____.
- deuterostomes - parazoans - protostomes - radiata - acoelomates
deuterostomes
Molluscs are _____.
- protostomes - acoelomates - parazoans - deuterostomes - radiata
protostomes-
The body cavity of mollusks is formed by the splitting of masses of mesoderm
Why are annelids, arthropods, and mollusks placed in the same clade?
- They are diploblastic. - They are cuticle molted. - They are protostomes. - They are deuterostomes.
They are protostomes.
Roundworms are classified in the phylum _____.
- Cnidaria - Nematoda - Arthropoda - Porifera - Annelida
Nematoda
At the phylum level, you are most closely related to a(n) _____.
- clam - sea star - earthworm - jelly - planarian
sea star-
The phylum most closely related to the Chordata (the phylum that includes humans) is the Echinodermata (the phylum that includes sea stars).
A _____ is a body cavity that is not completely surrounded by mesoderm-derived tissue
pseudocoelom
___ is the concentration of sensory organs and nervous tissue in a defined head region of the body
Cephalization
Bilaterally symmetrical animals have three tissue layers that arise during embryonic development: an inner layer of ____, an outer layer of ____, and a layer of _____ that lies in between
endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm
During their development, insects undergo ______, a radical change from a juvenile body form to an adult body form
metamorphosis
A _____ is a fluid-filled cavity completely lined with a thin layer of tissue that develops from the mesoderm. It separates the body wall from the inner organs.
coelom
In organisms with an open circulatory system, blood empties into the ___ where it bathes the internals organs directly.
hemocoel
The only animals that lack tissues are
- chytrids. - cnidarians. - chordates. - nematodes. - sponges.
Sponges
Your job is to classify a newly discovered animal species. Your initial studies reveal that your specimen has tissues but lacks organs; has no head, body cavity, or segmentation; and has radial symmetry. To what phylum does this animal belong?
- Cnidaria - Porifera - Platyhelminthes - Annelida - Mollusca
Cnidaria
One trend in the evolution of animals is the increase in the number of tissue (germ) layers during embryonic development. Flatworms and more complex animals have ________ layers.
- three - four - five - six - two
three
Organisms that are radially symmetrical have ________ embryonic germ layers.
- six - two - three - four - five
two
A jointed exoskeleton is a characteristic of ________.
arthropods
The only invertebrates capable of flight are arachnids. True or False?
False
Sea stars (starfish) are bilaterally symmetrical at one time in their life cycle. True or False?
True
The common ancestor of sponges and other animals was probably
- unicellular. - multicellular without tissues. - multicellular with tissues but without organ systems. - multicellular with tissues and many organ systems. - multicellular with tissues and a few organ systems
multicellular with tissues but without organ systems.
All animals with tissues have
- two germ layers. - bilateral symmetry. - three germ layers. - radial symmetry. - symmetrical bodies.
symmetrical bodies.
The major difference between protostomes and deuterostomes is the
- way the body cavity forms. - presence or absence of cephalization. - type of body symmetry. - presence or absence of tissues. - presence or absence of a coelom.
way the body cavity forms.
Giant squids are classified as
- echinoderms. - arthropods. - chordates. - platyhelminthes. - mollusks.
mollusks.
Which cnidarian is the basis of an undersea habitat?
- Jellyfish - Coral - Hydra - Sea cucumber - Anemone
Coral
Which invertebrate animal group is characterized by having a closed circulatory system?
- Echinodermata - Arthropoda - Annelida - Nematoda - Platyhelminthes
Annelida
The low energy demands of nematodes allow them to survive without a
- skeleton. - reproductive system. - tubular gut. - respiratory system. - body cavity.
respiratory system.
Which of the following phyla contains animals that reproduce asexually?
- Annelida - Nematoda - Cnidaria - Platyhelminthes - Mollusca
Cnidaria
For corals, which of the following is necessary to maintain genetic diversity?
- both asexual and sexual reproduction - neither asexual nor sexual reproduction - sexual reproduction - asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
What are the key characteristics of animals?
1- Multicellular 2- Heterotroph 3- Most reproduce sexually 4- Lack cell wall 5- Motile 6- Respond quick to stimuli
What characteristics make animals them different from fungus; from plants?
Fungus: cell walls, non-motile
Plants: autotrophic, non-motile
What are the anatomical features that mark branch points on the animal evolutionary tree?
1- Tissues
2- Body symmetry
3- Type of development of embryo: Protostome or Deuterstome
Differentiate between radial and bilateral symmetry.
1- make mouth first (anus is same hole)
2- make anus first
What is cephalization?
Concentration of sensory organs and a brain in well-defined posterior
What are functions associated with a body cavity?
1- Act as a skeleton
2- Protective buffer between internal organs & the outside world
3- Allows organs to move independently of the body wall
What are the mayor animal phyla?
1- Porfiera : sponges 2- Cnidaria: sea jelly, corals 3- Platyhelminthes: flatworms 4- Annelida: segmented worms 5- Mollusca: clams, snails, squid 6- Arthropoda: insects, crustaceans 7- Nematoda: roundworm 8- Echinodermata: sea stars, sea cucumbers 9- Chordata: sea squirts
What are some characteristics of sponges?
1- Asymmetrical body plan
2- Lack true tissue and organs
3- Body perforated by tiny pore cells
4- Reproduce by butting
What are spicules?
Internal skeleton made of calcium carbonate, silica, or protein
What is an osculum?
Large openings in sponge where water exits
Mention some type of cnidarians
Jellyfish
sea ameboa
coral
hydrozoans
Which organisms have a digestive system with a single opening?
Cnidarians, Platyhelminthes,
What is the excretory structure in annelid worms?
Nephridia
What is an open circulatory system? What organisms have it?
Blood is not confined to heart and blood vessels;
Mollusks & Anthropods
What is a closed circulatory system? What organisms have it?
distributes gases and nutrients through out body. blood remains confined to the heart and blood vessels.
Annelids, Mullusks: cephalopods,
What organisms are characteristic of a larva and pupa stage?
Arthropods- insects
Mention an organism with a hydrostatic skeleton.
Annelids
Some worms are hermaphroditic; What does that mean?
Have male and female sexual organs: They can produce both male and female gametes
Mentions some examples of mollusks
Gastropods: Snails, slugs
Bivalves: scallops, oysters
Cephalopods: octopuses, squid
What characteristics made cephalopods successful predators?
Large brains- capable of learning
Closed circulatory system
What is molting and what organisms present it?
when an exoskeleton becomes to small it is shed
Arthropods
What organisms have 8 eyes?
arachnids: spiders only
Mention some examples of crustaceans
Crab lobster shrimp crayfish barnacles
Mention some examples of echinoderms
Sand dollars
sea urchins
sea stars
What kind of symmetry do echinoderms have?
As larvae they are bilateral
As adults they are radial
From the groups of annelida, arthropoda, echinodermata, and mollusca, which ones are “segmented”?
Annelida
