Ch 33 Flashcards
What is respiration?
the process by which organisms take in O2 and release CO2 ; causes cellular respiration
What is the mechanism that is used to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes?
Diffusion
What are the specialized structures of insects? What are the openings in the exoskeleton?
- Tracheae
- Spiricles
What is the pathway that air follows in the human respiratory system? How doe gas exchange take place?
-Nasal & Oral Cavity
-
How does Oxygen and carbon dioxide get transported?
by hemoglobin dissolve in plasma
What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?
H20+glucose+O2 > CO2+ATP+H2O
What organisms lack specialized respiratory surfaces?
flatworms (platyhelmithes)
sea jellies (cnidaria)
earthworm (annelida)
sponges (profera)
What are the specialized structures for respiration on fish?
Gills
What organisms present lungs? What organism has the most efficient lungs and why?
Spiders- book lungs
Tadpoles, bullfrogs, reptiles, birds, humans
What are the steps of respiration?
Inhaling and exhaling O2 >CO2
How does cigarette smoke affect cilia?
It paralyses it until it withers away
Voice sounds are produced by the _____.
- trachea - diaphragm - bronchioles - larynx - lungs
larynx
The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air.
- lungs - trachea - bronchus - nasal cavity - alveoli
nasal cavity
Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____.
- as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) - combined with hemoglobin - by the trachea - as hydrogen ions (H+) - dissolved in blood plasma
as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -)
By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____.
- acidic - basic - thick - low in oxygen concentration - red
acidic
In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____.
- as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) - combined with hemoglobin - by the trachea - water (H2O) - dissolved in blood plasma
combined with hemoglobin
If a respiratory surface dries out, gas exchange will
- decrease for oxygen but increase for carbon dioxide. - decrease for carbon dioxide but increase for oxygen. - stop. - not be affected. - increase.
stop.
The movement of a large amount of air from the atmosphere to a respiratory surface is an example of
- osmosis. - facilitated diffusion. - active transport. - bulk flow. - diffusion.
bulk flow.
The respiratory center is located in the
- midbrain. - cortex. - spinal cord. - medulla. - hypothalamus.
medulla.
What happens during countercurrent exchange?
- Plasma is removed from blood, leaving only the solid red blood cells. - There is a transfer of heat or solute from fluids flowing in the same direction. - There is a transfer of heat or solute from fluids flowing in opposite directions
There is a transfer of heat or solute from fluids flowing in opposite directions
