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Bio 2 > Ch 18 > Flashcards

Ch 18 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Branch of Biology that is concerned with naming and classifying organisms.

A

Taxonomy

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2
Q

Two part Latin naming system that designates its genus and species. ( taxa- is a named species) (Carl von Linne aka Carolus Linnaeus)

A

Scientific Name

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3
Q

A group that includes a number of very closely related species.

A

Genus

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4
Q

Populations of organisms that can interbreed.

A

Species

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5
Q

Evolutionary history

A

Phylogeny

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6
Q

Reconstruction of phylogeny

A

Systematics

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7
Q 
Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) \_\_\_\_
Bacteria and Archaea
	-Bacteria and Eukarya
	-Bacteria and Protista
	-Bacteria
	-Protista and Archaea
A

Bacteria and Archaea

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8
Q

In the five-kingdom system, prokaryotes are placed in the kingdom _____.

- Protista
- Animalia
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Monera
A

Monera

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9
Q

A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____. Eukarya … Fungi

- Eukarya ... Protista
- Eukarya ... Plantae
- Eukarya ... Animalia
- Bacteria ... Archaea
A

Eukarya … Animalia

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10
Q

A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.Eukarya … Fungi

- Eukarya ... Protista
- Eukarya ... Plantae
- Eukarya ... Animalia
- Bacteria ... Archaea
A

Eukarya … Plantae

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11
Q 
In the five-kingdom system, which kingdom consists primarily of unicellular eukaryotes?
Fungi
	-Protista
	-Plantae
	-Animalia
	-Monera
A

Protista -

Protists are mostly unicellular eukaryotes, though they also include multicellular algae

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12
Q 
In the two-kingdom system, why were fungi classified in the kingdom Plantae? 
They are sedentary.
	-They are heterotrophs.
	-They lack cell walls.
	-They are unicellular.
	-They are autotrophs
A

They are sedentary.-

This is why fungi were placed in the same kingdom as plants

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13
Q

There is(are) _____ eukaryotic domain(s).

- one
- two
- three
- four
- five
A

One

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14
Q

________ ________ results in similar anatomical features between unrelated organisms that may be misleading in determining species relationships

A

Convergent evolution

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15
Q 
Which of the following is the smallest or least inclusive group?
Kingdom
	-Family
	-Class
	-Domain
	-Genus
A

Genus

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16
Q

________ groups contain all the descendants of a common ancestor.

A

Monophyletic

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17
Q

DNA analysis reveals that two species of birds appear to have evolved from a common ancestor. These two species belong to the same

A

clade.

18
Q

What is the most inclusive of the major taxonomic categories?

  • genus
  • order
  • phylum
  • kingdom
  • domain
A

Domain

19
Q

Which kingdom comprises eukaryotic organisms that are typically unicellular?

  • animilia
  • fungi
  • archaea
  • plante
  • protista
A

Protista

20
Q

Which kingdom comprises eukaryotic organisms that are multicellular and autotrophic and possess cell walls?

  • animilia
  • fungi
  • bacteria
  • plante
  • protista
A

Plante

21
Q

Which kingdom comprises eukaryotic organisms that are multicellular and heterotrophic and do not possess cell walls?

  • animilia
  • fungi
  • archaea
  • plante
  • protista
A

Animailia

22
Q

Which of these scientific names species is correctly written?

  • Aneides Aeneus (the green salamander)
  • Cortalus horridus (the timber rattlesnake)
  • falco peregrinus (the peregrine falcon)
  • Marmota monax (the woodchuck)
  • Salmo (the rainbow trout)
A

Cortalus horridus (the timber rattlesnake)

23
Q

In the following sequence what is missing from the hierarchy of major taxonomic catergories: species _____family_____class

  • genus, domain
  • genus, order
  • kingdom, order
  • order, genus
  • order, division
A

Genus, order

24
Q

Which of the following is NOT used by taxonomists to distinguish one species from another?

  • genetic similarities
  • similar features due to convergent evolution acting on distant related species
  • distinguishing features seen in organisms during the development of an organism
  • external anatomical features
A

similar features due to convergent evolution acting on distant related species

25
Q

What is a domain?

  • the broadest taxonomic category, of which these are three
  • the taxonomic category that contains insects, birds, and mammals
  • the taxonomic category that contains all living species of humans
  • a synonym for the taxonomic category , kingdom
A

the broadest taxonomic category, of which these are three

26
Q

How does molecular genetics help us to distinguish and evaluate the degree of evolutionary relatedness among species?

  • by allowing us to compare nucleotide sequences of DNA from the same chromosomal regions from different species
  • by allowing us to compare DNA sequences from different chromosomal regions between two closely related species
  • the first two answers are both correct
  • neither of the first two answers are correct
A

by allowing us to compare nucleotide sequences of DNA from the same chromosomal regions from different species

27
Q

Anatomical features of species may not always be useful for determining species relationships because of ____

  • convergent evolution
  • homologous structures
  • adaptation
  • common ancestry
A

convergent evolution

28
Q

The phylogenetic species concept stresses ___ as the creation for assigning individuals to the same species.

  • anatomical similarity
  • resent common ancestry
  • potential for interbreeding
  • similarity in behavior
A

resent common ancestry

29
Q

Who organized living organisms based on a scala naturae?

A

Aristotle

30
Q

What is the main goal of studies in systematics?

A

To reconstruct evolutionary history

31
Q

What is the correct spelling of the scientific name?

A

Latin root word with genus first and species second

32
Q

Which one is capitalized? Which one is written alone? Which one can be abbreviated? Which one functions as a noun and which one as an adjective?

A

Genus - capitalized, can be abbreviated, noun

Species- lower case, cannot be written alone, adjective

33
Q

What types of evidences are use to infer evolutionary relationships and which one is the most powerful?

A

anatomic similarities

DNA sequencing- most powerful

34
Q

What are the main groups that are used to categorize living organisms, in a hierarchical order from less to more inclusive?

A

species - genus- family- order- class- phylum- kingdom- domain

35
Q

What was Darwin’s contribution to modern taxonomic categories?

A

That all living things are linked somehow by a common ancestry

36
Q

Mention one evidence that has revealed the relationship between chimpanzees and humans?

A

Chromosome similarities 96% identical - chromosome 2 of primates is split

37
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

evolutionary history

38
Q

Before 1970, how many kingdoms compiled biological classification?

A

2
Plants
Animals

39
Q

Both bacteria and archae have in common several characteristics, such as:

A

they both reproduce asexually, reproduce by binary fission, physically look similar, and typically move by use of flagella

40
Q

Which kingdom/ domain(s) contain mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms? Prokaryotic?

A

Protista

Bacteria and Archaea

41
Q

What is the evidence that the HIV virus originated from primates?

A

primates are human most common ancestor and there is a higher probability that the virus jumped between species . Most likely from human consumption of infect primates.

42
Q

Why are reptiles not consider a monophyletic group?

A

Because historically this group did not include birds and because it did not include all descendants it is paraphyletic

Bio 2 (12 decks)

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