CH 32 Flashcards
Mention the parts of the circulatory system
- Blood
- Blood vessels
- Heart
What is a close circulatory system? give examples of animals that have it.
Blood is confined to the heart and vascular system.
vertebrates (mammals) and some invertebrate (squid)
Know the differences between the heart and circulatory systems of fish, amphibians, and mammals (chamber numbers ect.)
Fish- 1 atria, 1 ventricle
Amphibians- 2 atria, 1 ventricle
Mammals- 2 atria, 2 ventricle
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial Atrioventricular node (SA node)
What is the content of plasma in blood?
90% water hormones nutrients gas salt waist proteins
How does erythropoietin regulate red blood cells numbers?
stimulates the bone marrow to produce more oxygen- transporting red blood cells
Mention some types of white blood cells and their functions?
Lymphocytes
Macrophage- engulf bacteria and cellular debris
What are the parts of the lymphatic system?
- lymphatic vessels
- lymphatic capillaries
- lymph nodes
- thymus
- spleen
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
- return excess interstitial fluid to bloodstream
- transport fat from small intestines to bloodstream
- contribute to immunity
What is an open circulatory system and examples of animals with it.
Space within the body cavity hemocel.
anthropods & mollusks
Mention the general functions of circulatory systems
- Transport O2 & CO2
- Distribute nutrients
- Transport waste
- Distribute hormones
- Regulate body temp
- Prevent blood loss
- Protect against disease
What is systolic and diastolic pressure?
systolic- arteries pressure of blood pumped through systematic circuit (higher #)
diastolic- pressure in arteries as the heart rest (lower #)
What types of cells are found in the blood and what is their function?
red blood cells- deliver nutr. and oxygen
white blood cells- immunity
plasma (platelets)- blood clotting
What are the steps in the blood clotting process?
platelet activations from collagen > prothrombin forms throbin > throbin catalyzes to fibrin
What are the main types of blood vessels and their functions?
arteries arterioles capillaries veins venules
Arteries carry blood _____.
- away from capillaries - away from the heart and away from the lungs - to the heart and away from the lungs - to the heart only - away from the heart only
away from the heart only
Blood returns to the heart via the _____.
- aorta - pulmonary arteries - pulmonary veins - aorta and pulmonary arteries - aorta and pulmonary veins
pulmonary veins
From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.
- right atrium - left atrium - aorta - capillaries of the lungs - posterior vena cava
left atrium
From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.
- right atrium - left atrium - aorta - capillaries of the lungs - posterior vena cava
right atrium
From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.
- right atrium - left atrium - aorta - capillaries of the lungs - posterior vena cava
posterior vena cava
Carbon dioxide enters the blood at the _____.
- capillaries of the lungs - capillaries of the abdominal organs - capillaries of the hind limbs - capillaries of the head and forelimbs - capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs
capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs
The _____ has(have) the thinnest walls.
- aorta - capillaries - posterior vena cava - pulmonary artery - right ventricle
capillaries
Blood pressure is highest in the _____.
- aorta - posterior vena cava - anterior vena cava - pulmonary artery - capillaries
aorta
Most gas exchange with blood vessels occurs across the walls of the structure called the _____
alveoli
A _____ is a red blood cell. Its red color is produced by the iron-containing protein _____, which transport most of the blood’s oxygen
erythrocyte
hemoglobin
What is the advantage of a closed circulatory system over an open one?
- A closed system carries more blood. - Blood flows more slowly in a closed system. - In a closed system, the blood comes nearer to each cell. - A closed system moves blood more efficiently. - There are more blood cells in a closed system
A closed system moves blood more efficiently.
All of the following are true of the SA node EXCEPT that it
- directly stimulates the atria. - directly stimulates the ventricles. - is the pacemaker. - is influenced by nerve impulses and hormones.
directly stimulates the ventricles.
How many molecules of oxygen can bind with one molecule of human hemoglobin?
- One - Five - Four - Three - Two
Four
Erythrocytes are produced in the
- bone marrow. - liver. - heart. - spleen.
bone marrow.
