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Bio 2 > Ch 31 > Flashcards

Ch 31 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are some internal body conditions that remain in a dynamic state through homeostasis?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Water and Salt levels
  3. Glucose
  4. pH (acidic/basic)
  5. Oxygen and carbon levels
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2
Q

What is the difference between ectotherms and endotherms? Give examples

A

Ecto- maintain heat by environment or behavior (reptiles)

Endo- metabolic reaction, maintain constant body temp. (birds, mammals)

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3
Q

What are tissues, organs, and organ systems?

A

Tissues- similar cells that have a specific function
Organ- 2 or more tissues
Organ system- 2 or more interacting organs

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4
Q

What is the connective tissue and its function?

A

Mostly collagen that supports and binds bodily tissues together

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5
Q

What are 3 types of connective tissue?

A
  1. loose- located under epithelial tissue and supports almost every organ in the body
  2. Fibrous-(dense) very strong tissue that connects ligaments and tendons
  3. Specialized- Cartilage consisting of scattered cells
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6
Q

What are 3 different types of muscles?

A
  1. Cardiac- striated
  2. Smooth- have gap junctions
  3. Skeletal- spindle-shaped
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7
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A system that secretes hormones into the blood to regulate activities of other cells.

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8
Q

What type of muscle is voluntary; which is involuntary?

A
  • skeletal

- cardiac & smooth

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9
Q

Define negative and positive feedback. Give examples

A
  1. Negative- counter acts changes to the internal environment : shivering (muscles contract to stay warm)
  2. Positive- drive rapid, self limiting changes. produces a response that amplifies change (childbirth: cervix opening)
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10
Q

Where is the center for control of temperature in mammals?

A

Hypothalimus- produces hormones when stimulated (i.e when cold)

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11
Q

Give examples of epithelial tissues

A
  • skin
  • lining of trachea
  • lining of lungs
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12
Q

Give examples of connective tissues

A
  • dermis
  • tendons &ligaments
  • cartilage, bone, fat, blood, & lymph
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13
Q

What are the cell types that make the nerve tissue?

A
  • Neuron

- Glial Cells

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14
Q

What is the function of adipose tissue?

A

to insulate animals adapted to cold environments (fat cells)

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15
Q

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

Endo- secrete hormones into interstitial fluid (thyroid & pituitary)
Exo- release secretions into or onto body (sweat & mammary glands)

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16
Q

Which of these is NOT one of the four major categories of tissue?

- muscle
- epithelial
- connective
- blood
- nervous
A

blood

17
Q

How does connective tissue differ from the other three major tissue types?
Connective tissue often consists of relatively few cells embedded in an extracellular matrix.
-Connective tissue consists of contractile proteins.
-Connective tissue consists of cells capable of transmitting electrical impulses.
-There are three types of connective tissue.
-Connective tissue is found lining body surfaces

A

Connective tissue consists of contractile proteins.

This describes many connective tissues, such as loose connective tissue

18
Q

What type of muscle is responsible for contractions of the digestive tract and arteries?

- smooth muscle
- skeletal muscle
- striated muscle
- voluntary muscle
- cardiac muscle
A

smooth muscle

19
Q

Cardiac muscle is the only muscle composed of _____ fibers.

- branched
- unstriated
- unbranched and cylindrical
- spindle shaped
- striated
A

branched

20
Q

Most body systems maintain homeostasis through ________ systems.

- monitoring
- redundant
- negative feedback
- positive feedback
- alternating
A

negative feedback

21
Q

Which of the following controls the temperature in endothermic animals?

- Positive feedback systems
- Cerebral cortex
- Hypothalamus
- Autonomic nervous system
- Reflexive skeletal muscles
A

Hypothalamus

22
Q

What happens if homeostasis is not maintained?

- Organisms stop using negative feedback loops.
- Cells lose the ability to carry out normal functions.
- Organisms function better.
- Cells begin dividing uncontrollably.
- Cellular metabolism is unchanged.
A

Cells lose the ability to carry out normal functions.

Bio 2 (12 decks)

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