Ch3 Self

Question 1

self-concept

Answer 1

beliefs about ourselves

ideas, feelings, attitudes, expectations

Question 2

self-esteem

Answer 2

value placed on our characteristics, abilities, and behaviour

Question 3

self-as-subject

Answer 3

we exist as an individual distinct from the objects surrounding them as well as from other individuals

Question 4

self-as-object

Answer 4

attributes/characteristics we ascribe to ourselves; what one knows oneself to be like (develops after s.a.subject)

Question 5

theory of mind

Answer 5

other people have their own minds, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, perceptions too

Question 6

perspective taking ability

Answer 6

understanding that others have different feelings and experiences

Question 7

preconventional level

Answer 7

“hedonistic”
stage 1: obedience orientation
stage 2: rewards/exchange orientation

Question 8

obedience orientation

Answer 8

obey rules to avoid punishments and bad consequences

Question 9

rewards/exchange orientation

Answer 9

right/wrong determined by personal needs and wants

Question 10

conventional level

Answer 10

“judgement based on approval/expectations/laws/values”
stage 3: being nice/relationships orientation
stage 4: law and order orientation

Question 11

stage 3: being nice/relationships orientation

Answer 11

being good = being nice/pleasing to others

Question 12

stage 4: law and order orientation

Answer 12

laws/authorities must be obeyed; the social system must be maintained

Question 13

postconventional level

Answer 13

stage 5: social contract orientation

stage 6: universal ethical principles orientation

Question 14

stage 5: social contract orientation

Answer 14

the moral choice is determined by socially agreed upon standards (“greatest good for the greatest number”)

Question 15

social comparison

Answer 15

process of comparing one’s self w/ others to gather info and to evaluate one’s abilities

Question 16

collective self-esteem

Answer 16

sense of value held by a group to which the individual belongs

Question 17

Kohlberg’s Moral Dilemma

Answer 17

situation in which no choice is clearly and indisputably right

Question 18

Piaget’s Stages of Moral Development

Answer 18

1. moral realism

2. morality of cooperation

Question 19

moral realism

Answer 19

children see rules as absolute (development stage)

Question 20

morality of cooperation

Answer 20

children realize people make/change rules

Question 21

Giligan’s Theory of Moral Development (“An Ethic of Care”)

Answer 21

1. self interest
2. commitment to specific individuals and relationships
3. responsibility and care for all
   (research w women going through abortion)

Question 22

mens rea vs actus reus

Answer 22

m. r.: guilty mind

a. r.: guilty act

Question 23

Kant’s Categorical Imperative

Answer 23

human beings are rational

- morality should be based on conduct/ethics, “treat others the way you want to be treated”