Ch2

Question 1

development

Answer 1

orderly, adaptive changes humans go through

Question 2

physical development

Answer 2

body structure

Question 3

personal development

Answer 3

personality

Question 4

social development

Answer 4

ways in which one relates to others

Question 5

cognitive development

Answer 5

(gradual, orderly) mental processes become more complex

Question 6

maturation

Answer 6

genetically programmed, naturally occurring over time

Question 7

neurogenesis

Answer 7

production of new neurons

Question 8

people develop at…

Answer 8

different rates

Question 9

development is relatively..

Answer 9

orderly

Question 10

development takes place

Answer 10

gradually

Question 11

development occurs at

Answer 11

different rates/times in different parts

Question 12

_____.. not _____ is the rule

Answer 12

correlation; compensation

Question 13

development proceeds at

Answer 13

the rate it starts

Question 14

there are ___ differences

Answer 14

sex

Question 15

brain lateralization

Answer 15

2 specialized hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum

Question 16

Kant’s influence in Piagetian Theory

Answer 16

innate categories help make our experiences

Question 17

Evolutionary influences in Piagetian Theory

Answer 17

features of organisms that allowed adaptation and development

Question 18

2 basic tendencies/invariant functions

Answer 18

Organization, Adaptation

Question 19

adaptation

Answer 19

adjusting to the environment

Question 20

organization

Answer 20

ongoing process of arranging info and experience -> mental systems/categories

Question 21

schemes

Answer 21

mental systems/categories of perception and experience

Question 22

assimilation

Answer 22

fitting new info into existing schemes

Question 23

accommodation

Answer 23

altering existing schemes/creating new ones in response to new info

Question 24

equilibration

Answer 24

search for mental balance between cognitive schemes and info from environment

Question 25

disequilibrium

Answer 25

("out-of-balance" state) current ways of thinking arent working to solve/understand

Question 26

4 stages of cognitive development

Answer 26

Sensorimotor -> Preoperational -> Concrete operational -> formal operational

Question 27

sensorimotor

Answer 27

0-2 years learning through reflexes/senses/movement gains object permanence

Question 28

preoperational

Answer 28

5/7 years language, symbols, difficulty with past/future, difficulty understanding another pov

Question 29

concrete operational

Answer 29

7-12 mentally manipulate objects + explain transformations, logical thinking about concrete (hands-on) problems understands past, present, future

Question 30

formal operational

Answer 30

adulthood hypothetical/deductive thinking, abstract/logical thinking, multiple perspectives, concerns about social issues/personal identity/justice

Question 31

semiotic function

Answer 31

ability to use symbols (language, pictures, signs, gestures) to represent actions or objects mentally

Question 32

reversible thinking

Answer 32

thinking backward, from end to beginning

Question 33

conservation

Answer 33

principle that some characteristics of an object remain the same despite changes in appearance

Question 34

decentring

Answer 34

focusing on 1(+) aspect at a time

Question 35

egocentric

Answer 35

assuming others experience the world the way you do

Question 36

concrete operations

Answer 36

mental tasks tied to concrete objects and situations

Question 37

identity

Answer 37

principle that person/object remains the same over time

Question 38

compensation

Answer 38

principle that changes in one dimension can be offset by changes in another dimention

Question 39

seriation

Answer 39

arrangement of objects in sequential order according to 1 aspect (eg weight, size, volume)

Question 40

hypothetico-deductive thinking

Answer 40

individual begins by identifying all the factors that might affect a problem and then deduces and systematically evaluates specific solutions

Question 41

limitations to Piagetian theory

Answer 41

limited vocab, some can show higher intelligence than their age suggests, memory problem when an infant cannot find the object

Question 42

implications for education

Answer 42

understanding students' thinking, matching teaching strategies to abilities