Ch 7 Behavioural views of learning Flashcards

1
Q

Rene Descartes (voluntary vs involuntary behaviour)

A
  • explaining reflexes which were thought before to be voluntary
  • reflexes believed to be innate
  • learned behaviour = consequence of experience
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2
Q

Ivan Pavlov: Classical conditioning

A

unconscious, conditioned response tends to be physiological

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3
Q

John Watson: Environmentalism

A

Pavlov human v.
Little Albert baby experiment
Radical behaviourism

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4
Q

contiguity

A

association of two events because of repeated pairing

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5
Q

Edward Thorndike

A
  • 1928 study of adult learning (myth: learning stopped at 16)
  • learning: reduction in randomness of behaviour as a result of consquences
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6
Q

Laws of Learning (Thorndike)

A

(Law of) effect, multiple responses, readiness, set, prepotentancy of elements, response by analogy

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7
Q

The identical elements theory of training

A

similarities have to be great, revitalization in N.American education (teach applicable, useful knowledge related to useful jobs)

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8
Q

BF Skinner

A

operant conditioning

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9
Q

operant conditioning

A

voluntary behaviour strengthened/weakened by consequents/antecedents

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10
Q

elicited responses (respondents)

A

stimulus-related, physiological

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11
Q

emitted responses (operants)

A

voluntary behaviour

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12
Q

primary reinforcer

A

doesn’t need to be learned (eg food)

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13
Q

generalized

A

stimuli that not reinforcing before being paired w/a primary reinforcer, requires learning

(eg money, grades)

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14
Q

operant effects

A

+/- reinforcement, presentation/removal punishment

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15
Q

+ reinforcement

A

+ reinforcers/desired stimulus (strengthening)

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16
Q
  • reinforcement
A
  • reinforcer/aversive stimulus (strengthening)
17
Q

presentation punishment (type 1)

A

weakening + aversive stimulus

18
Q

removal punishment

A

weakening + removal of desired stimulus

19
Q

Premack’s principle

A

favoured activities to reinforce participation in less desired activities

20
Q

extinction

A

weakening response by not reinforcing

21
Q

extinction rate

A

time lapse between withdrawal and cessation of a response

22
Q

Applied Behaviour Analysis

A

Antecedent -> Behaviour -> Consequences

23
Q

effective instruction delivery (EID)

A

concise/clear/specific instructions that communicate an expected result (statement*)

24
Q

shaping

A

reinforcing each small step of progress toward a desired goal/behaviour

25
Q

successive approximations

A

small components that make up a complex behaviour

26
Q

task analysis

A

system for breaking down a task hierarchically into basic (sub)skills

27
Q

response cost

A

punishment by loss of reinforcers (that already have been received)

28
Q

social isolation

A

removal of a disruptive student (5-10 min)

29
Q

time out

A

removal of all reinforcement

30
Q

contingency contract

A

teacher and student, specifying what the student must do to earn st

31
Q

token reinforcement system

A

tokens earned for academic work/positive classroom behaviour in exchange for desired reward