Ch 7 Behavioural views of learning Flashcards
Rene Descartes (voluntary vs involuntary behaviour)
- explaining reflexes which were thought before to be voluntary
- reflexes believed to be innate
- learned behaviour = consequence of experience
Ivan Pavlov: Classical conditioning
unconscious, conditioned response tends to be physiological
John Watson: Environmentalism
Pavlov human v.
Little Albert baby experiment
Radical behaviourism
contiguity
association of two events because of repeated pairing
Edward Thorndike
- 1928 study of adult learning (myth: learning stopped at 16)
- learning: reduction in randomness of behaviour as a result of consquences
Laws of Learning (Thorndike)
(Law of) effect, multiple responses, readiness, set, prepotentancy of elements, response by analogy
The identical elements theory of training
similarities have to be great, revitalization in N.American education (teach applicable, useful knowledge related to useful jobs)
BF Skinner
operant conditioning
operant conditioning
voluntary behaviour strengthened/weakened by consequents/antecedents
elicited responses (respondents)
stimulus-related, physiological
emitted responses (operants)
voluntary behaviour
primary reinforcer
doesn’t need to be learned (eg food)
generalized
stimuli that not reinforcing before being paired w/a primary reinforcer, requires learning
(eg money, grades)
operant effects
+/- reinforcement, presentation/removal punishment
+ reinforcement
+ reinforcers/desired stimulus (strengthening)