Ch26: Bleeding

Question 1

what are the 4 most critical organs

Answer 1

brain
heart
lungs
kidney

Question 2

how many minutes without oxygen until brain cells die

Answer 2

4-6 = possible
6-10 = likely
10+ definitive

Question 3

how many minutes can lung cells survive without oxygen

Answer 3

15 - 20 minutes

Question 4

how many minutes can kidney cells survive without oxygen

Answer 4

45 minutes

Question 5

how many minutes can skeletal muscle cells survive without oxygen

Answer 5

2-3 hours

Question 6

how many mL per kg for an adult male

Answer 6

70 mL

Question 7

losing what percentage of the blood can cause hypovolemic shock?

Answer 7

20+%

Question 8

coagulation

Answer 8

formation of blood clots to stop blood flow at a wound site

Question 9

if a bandage has been put over a wound before your arrival, should you take it off to assess the wound?

Answer 9

no because it may have clotting factors

Question 10

contusion

Answer 10

bruise

Question 11

ecchymosis

Answer 11

bruise where blood seeps into the top layer of the skin making it look VERY purple like a black eye

Question 12

hemoptysis

Answer 12

coughing up of bright red blood

Question 13

hematuria

Answer 13

blood in urine

Question 14

first sign of hypovolemic shock

Answer 14

altered mental status

Question 15

hemostatic dressing

Answer 15

dressing impregnated with chemical that helps with clotting

Question 16

open book pelvic fracture

Answer 16

when the pelvis breaks at the pubic symphysis

Question 17

how to stop epistaxis (nosebleed)

Answer 17

1. tell patient to sit down, lean forward and tilt body forward
2. apply direct pressure on the fleshy part of nose
3. keep patient calm
4. put ice over nose bridge
5. maintain pressure until the bleed completely stops

Question 18

role of air splints

Answer 18

stabilize fracture and external bleeding

tourniquet is better at stopping external bleeding though