Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EMT Key Points > Ch16: Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Ch16: Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

symptoms of asthma

A

bronchospasms
wheezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

symptoms of anaphylaxis

A

flushed skin, hives
hypotension
difficulty breathing, wheezing
generalized edema
laryngeal edema (neck closing up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchi that may damage lung tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

symptoms of bronchitis

A

production of sputum
chronic cough
difficulty breathing, wheezing
tachypnea

chronic bronchitis - blue bloater!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of bronchioles; usually happens in children under 2yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

symptoms of bronchiolitis

A

shortness of breath
wheezing
tachypnea
tachycardia
coughing
fever
dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how to remember bronchitis vs bronchiolitis symptoms

A

bronchiolitis affects the bronchioles –> there are much more of bronchioles than bronchi hence there are more symptoms to bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is congestive heart failure

A

heart fails to pump blood because heart is too weak or stiff to fill and pump blood properly (including coronary artery disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

symptoms of congestive heart failure and why

A

crackles in lungs - CHF causes fluid buildup in lungs
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea - blood flow not strong enough to keep circulation going while lying down
edema in lower extremities - decreased efficiency of blood pumping and returning to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

symptoms of common cold

A

cough
sore throat
runny or stuffy nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

symptoms of COVID

A

cough
fever
dyspnea
chest pain
anosmia (lack of smell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is croup

A

viral infection that leads to narrowing of upper respiratory system; more commonly in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

symptoms of croup

A

fever
barking cough (bc of swollen vocal cords)
stridor
mostly in pediatric patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is diphtheria?

A

severe infection of nose and throat; can be prevented with vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

symptoms of diphtheria

A

thick grey sheet at the back of mouth
difficulty breathing and swallowing
sore throat
fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

symptoms of emphysema

A

pink puffer
barrel chest
pursed lip breathing
dyspnea or exertion
cyanosis
wheezing
more in older patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is epiglottitis

A

inflammation of epiglottis caused by infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

symptoms of epiglottitis

A

drooling
high fever
difficulty swallowing
severe sore throat
stridor
particular sitting position eg tripod or sniffing
more seen in pediatric patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

symptoms of pertussis, whooping cough

A

coughing spells with a “whoop” sound
fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is pertussis (whooping cough)

A

highly contagious airborne infection
most commonly found in children < 6 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pneumonia

A

green, red or rust-colored sputum
localized wheezing or crackles
chills
fever
dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

symptoms of pneumothorax

A

chest pain with dyspnea
decreased breath sounds on the AFFECTED SIDE
subcutaneous emphysema (air gets into the skin, causing a person to look swelled up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is pulmonary embolus/embolism

A

blood clot that gets lodged in the pulmonary system and backs up the flow of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

symptoms of pulmonary embolus

A

occasionally sharp chest pain
occurs suddenly
tachycardia
clear breath sounds initially
dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

signs of tension pneumothorax

A

decreased or absent breath sounds on one side
hypotension
JVD
altered LOC
severe dyspnea
tracheal deviation (late sign)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is respiratory syncytial virus

A

viral infection of lungs and breathing passages that can lead to other conditions like bronchitis and pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus

A

wheezing
cough
fever
dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

symptoms of tuberculosis

A

bloody sputum
fever
cough
fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

influenza type A (flu) symptoms

A

fever
cough
runny/stuffy nose
sore throat
fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

danger of providing assisted ventilations to a patient with end-stage COPD

A

in patients with end-stage COPD, ventilations are usually controlled by hypoxic drive. low O2 concentrations will stimulate more ventilations. hence assisted ventilations with high oxygen delivery can slow or completely stop ventilations in an end-stage COPD patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how to manage croup?

A

administer humidified oxygen

31
Q

can you use bronchodilators for croup?

A

not recommended. it can make it worse

32
Q

what is wheezing associated with?

A

anaphylaxis
pneumonia
asthma
COPD
CHF
bronchitis

32
Q

why is croup rarely seen in adults?

A

adults have a larger respiratory tract so it is less affected by inflammation and mucus production

33
Q

what vaccine is used against epiglottitis

A

vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae

34
Q

how to treat children with epiglottitis

A

allow them to sit in a comfortable position
do not put anything in their nasal passages as it might cause full obstruction

35
Q

what causes decreased or absent breath sounds

A

hemothorax
pneumothorax
tension pneumothorax
atelectasis (collapsed lung)
asthma
COPD

36
Q

what is rhonchi associated with?

A

COPD
pneumonia
bronchitis

*rmb rhonchi is because of mucus

36
Q

what causes stridor

A

croup
epiglottitis

36
Q

what are crackles associated with?

A

pneumonia
pulmonary edema/CHF

*crackles = fluid

37
Q

PASTE mnemonic for finding out more about respiratory issues

A

Progression - did it occur gradually or suddenly
Accompanied by chest pain?
Sputum
Talking tiredness
Exercise tolerance

37
Q

trade name of albuterol

A

proventil, ventolin, volmax

38
Q

albuterol: action and conditions it treats?

A

dilates bronchioles
for asthma, bronchitis and COPD
not for chronic conditions

39
Q

trade names for beclomethasone

A

beclovent, beconase, qvar, vanceril

40
Q

beclomethasone: action and conditions it treats?

A

anti-inflammatory
asthma
for chronic, not acute conditions

40
Q

trade name of cromolyn

A

intal

41
Q

cromolyn: action and conditions it treats?

A

decreases release of histamines
asthma
for chronic not acute conditions

42
Q

fluticasone: action and conditions it treats?

A

anti-inflammatory
asthma
chronic not acute conditions

42
Q

trade name for fluticasone

A

flovent diskus

43
Q

tradename for fluticasone + salmeterol

A

advair diskus

44
Q

trade name for ipratroprium bromide

A

atrovent

44
Q

ipratropium bromide, albuterol, levalbuterol and metaprotorenal sulfate have what shared actions and addressed conditions

A

dilate bronchioles
for asthma, bronchitis, COPD
for acute not chronic conditions

44
Q

how to assist a patient administer an MDI (like an inhaler)?

A

1) check medication, dose and expiration date
2) instruct patient about inhaling deeply while pressing MDI and holding breath
3) reapply supplemental oxygen if it was first used

44
Q

advair diskus: action and conditions it treats?

A

decreases secretions
asthma
chronic, not acute conditions

44
Q

ipratropium bromide: action and conditions it treats?

A

dilates bronchioles
asthma
bronchitis
COPD
acute, not chronic

45
Q

when to use CPAP

A

for patients with moderate to severe respiratory distress as a result of underlying disease, who are alert and conscious

45
Q

how to assist a patient in administering a nebulizer?

A

1) check medication, dose, route and expiration date
2) pour medication into nebulizer container (usually the whole thing). sometimes saline can be added to get it to optimal volume
3) attach medication tube to nebulizer, mouthpiece and tubing. attach it to oxygen tubing connected to oxygen cylinder (flow rate: 6L/min)
4) instruct patient to inhale and hold for 3-5 seconds before exhaling
5) do this until medication runs out or the patient no longer has shortness of breath

46
Q

what do you NOT attempt on a patient with epiglottitis?

A

inserting airway adjunct or suctioning because it can trigger a spasm and cause full airway obstruction

47
Q

what is CPAP?

A

continuous positive airway pressure: for chronic patients who need assisted ventilation.

48
Q

harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:

A

stridor

49
Q

at the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:

a) rales and rhonchi
b) audible stridor
c) expiratory wheezing
d) profound cyanosis

A

b) audible stridor

50
Q

two processes that occur during respiration are:

a) diffusion and oxygenation
b) inhalation and exhalation
c) oxygenation and ventilation
d) ventilation and diffusion

A

b) inhalation and exhalation

51
Q

When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:

A. note the presence of a high-pitched whistling sound, which is an indicator of fluid in the lungs.

B. pay special attention to the exhalation phase because this is when you will likely hear rales or rhonchi.

C. start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.

D. auscultate the posterior chest first and compare the apex of one lung to the base of the opposite lung.

A

C. start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.

52
Q

Where are fine crackles usually located in the respiratory system? Select-all-that-apply:
A. Bronchi
B. Trachea
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles

A

C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles

53
Q

When would the nurse expect to auscultate coarse crackles during the respiratory cycle?
A. end of inspiration
B. beginning of inspiration
C. end of expiration
D. throughout inspiration and expiration

A

B. beginning of inspiration

54
Q

Which statement below best summarizes why fine crackles are occurring in a patient?
A. “The pleural layers in the lungs are inflamed and rub against each other creating a harsh-grating sound.”

B. “When inhaled air enters into small airways that are collapsed, they suddenly explode open leading to a crackling sound.”

C. “As air leaves the trachea and bronchus it hits secretions like mucus and fluid, which creates a snoring like sound.”

D. “The narrowing of the larynx and trachea from either an object or swelling leads a popping sound on inhalation.”

A

B. “When inhaled air enters into small airways that are collapsed, they suddenly explode open leading to a crackling sound.”

55
Q

Which patient below would be at risk for experiencing high-pitched wheezes? Select all that apply:
A. A patient with COPD.
B. A patient with epiglottitis.
C. A patient with heart failure.
D. A patient with asthma.

A

A. A patient with COPD.
D. A patient with asthma.

56
Q

fine crackles
timing:
pitch:
continuous/discontinuous:
location:
characteristic:

A

timing: end of inspiration (bc of sudden opening of small airways)
pitch: high
discontinuous
location: small airways - bronchioles and alveoli
characteristic: like popping bubble wrap rapidly, cannot be cleared with a cough

57
Q

coarse crackles
timing:
pitch:
continuous/discontinuous:
location:
characteristic:

A

timing: towards the start of inspiration (bc it it located in bronchi) and can extend to expiration
pitch: low
continuous/discontinuous: discontinuous
location: bronchi
characteristic: gurgling, bubbling sound; cannot be cleared with a cough

58
Q

wheezes
timing:
pitch:
continuous/discontinuous:
location:
characteristic:

A

timing: mainly during inspiration, but can be during both (bc inspiration is an active process)
pitch: high
continuous/discontinuous: continuous
location: throughout resp. tract
characteristic: musical, squeaky tone

58
Q

rhonchi
timing:
pitch:
continuous/discontinuous:
location:
characteristic:

A

timing: mainly expiration (bc of air passing out of mucous in trachea & bronchi)
pitch: low
continuous/discontinuous: continuous
location: large airways (trachea and bronchi)
characteristic: snoring sound

59
Q

stridor
timing:
pitch:
continuous/discontinuous:
location:
characteristic:

A

timing: inspiration or expiration
pitch: high
continuous/discontinuous: continuous
location: upper resp system
characteristic: screeching, squawking (because of inflammation in trachea and voice box!!)

60
Q

You assess a patient with difficulty breathing who has a history of COPD and is breathing through pursed lips. What is the patient trying to do while breathing through pursed lips?

a. Providing back pressure to the alveoli
b. Providing oxygen a way to move out of the lungs
c. Providing oxygen into the lungs and moving carbon dioxide out of the lungs
d. Providing a way to get air to the blood stream

A

c. Providing oxygen into the lungs and moving carbon dioxide out of the lungs

61
Q

You have been dispatched to a private residence for a 24-year-old male having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you find the patient lying on the living room floor in a postictal state. As you approach the patient, you note that he is breathing at 14 breaths per minute. The victim’s sister stated that she called 911 after she walked into the house and found her brother lying on the ground seizing.

Your initial approach to this patient should include:

a. Placing a nasopharyngeal airway and perform bag-valve assisted ventilations at a rate of 10-12 per minute.
b. Placing an oropharyngeal airway and perform bag-valve assisted ventilations at a rate of 10 to 12 per minute.
c. Opening the airway using the modified jaw-thrust maneuver followed by bag-valve assisted ventilations.
d. Opening the airway using the modified jaw-thrust maneuver followed by the administration of high-flow oxygen through a nonrebreather mask.

A

d. Opening the airway using the modified jaw-thrust maneuver followed by the administration of high-flow oxygen through a nonrebreather mask.

62
Q

You respond to an unresponsive patient at a local festival. Upon your arrival, bystanders say the patient has been drinking heavily. As you assess the patient, you note a heavy odor of alcohol. The patient is responsive to painful stimuli, has gurgling respirations and vomitus on his face, and breathing deeply at 14 times per minute.

What are the initial airway management priorities for this patient?

a. Open the airway, suction, apply a nonrebreather mask at 15 L/min, and monitor the patient’s airway
b. Open the airway, insert an oral airway, and place the patient on a non-rebreather mask at 10 L/min
c. Open the airway, suction the airway, and ventilate the patient with a bag-valve-mask device
d. Open the airway, insert an oral airway, and ventilate the patient with a bag-valve-mask device

A

a. Open the airway, suction, apply a nonrebreather mask at 15 L/min, and monitor the patient’s airway

63
Q

The anatomy of the airway consists of the upper and the lower airway. The upper airway starts at the mouth and Nares and ends at the _________?

A. Thyroid cartilage
B. Epiglottis
C. Cricoid cartilage
D. Vocal cords

A

C. Cricoid cartillage

64
Q

You are an EMT, eating lunch with your partner at a local park when a panicked lady runs towards you, holding a baby in obvious respiratory distress. She tells you that she’s babysitting the 10-month-old female and saw the baby’s three-year-old brother shove a whole grape into her mouth, and she started choking on it. The babysitter tells you she doesn’t know what to do. What treatment would you immediately provide?

A) Perform ten back slaps followed by five chest thrusts, repeating until the grape is dislodged or the patient becomes unresponsive.

B) Perform five abdominal thrusts followed by five chest thrusts, repeating until the grape is dislodged or the patient becomes unresponsive.

C) Perform five back slaps followed by five chest thrusts, repeating until the grape is dislodged or the patient becomes unresponsive.

D) Perform five back slaps followed by five abdominal thrusts, repeating until the grape is dislodged or the patient becomes unresponsive.

A

C) Perform five back slaps followed by five chest thrusts, repeating until the grape is dislodged or the patient becomes unresponsive.

EMT Key Points (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions