Ch.20 Endocrinehematologic Flashcards
A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugar) is impaired, usually because of a lack insulin
Diabetes mellitus
A flat, solid organ that lies below the liver and the stomach; it is a major source of digestive enzymes and produces the hormone insulin
Pancreas
An abnormally high blood glucose level
Hyperglycemia
An abnormally low blood glucose level
Hypoglycemia
The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones
Endocrine system
A balance of all systems of the body
Homeostasis
Endocrine glands secrete messenger__, which are chemical substances produced by a gland.____ travel through the blood to the end organs, tissues, or cells that they are intended to affect. When the____ arrives, the cell, tissue, or organ receives the message and an action or cellular process takes place.
hormones
The brain needs two things to survive:
Glucose and oxygen
One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism
Glucose
A hormone produced by the islets of langerhans(endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus
Insulin
Endocrine disorders are caused by an internal communication problem. If a gland is not functioning normally, it may produce more hormone (___) than is needed or it may not produce enough hormone ().
hypersecretion
hyposecretion
Impairs body’s ability to use glucose of fuel
Diabetes mellitus
The pancreas produces and stores two hormones that play a major role in glucose metabolism
Glucagon and insulin
A small portion of the pancreas is filled with the islets of Langerhans. Within these islets are alpha and beta cells. The__ cells produce glucagon and the___ cells produce insulin.
alpha
Beta
Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism; they regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature
Hormones
Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body
Endocrine glands
The brain needs two things to survive
Glucose and oxygen
___ is necessary for glucose to enter the cells for metabolism
Insulin
Endocrine disorders are caused by an internal communication problem. If a gland is not functioning normally, it may produce more___ (hypersecretion) than is needed or it may not produce enough____ (hyposecretion).
hormone
In a person without diabetes, the pancreas stores and secretes insulin and glucagon in response to the level of____ in the blood (FIGURE 20-1). When a person eats, the level of glucose in his or her blood rises. In response, the pancreas secretes insulin into the blood; this allows the____ to enter the body’s cells and be used for energy. It also allows___ to be stored in the form of glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles for use at a later time. As blood___ levels return to normal, insulin stops being secreted and the body is said to be in a state of being fed.
glucose
The pancreas produces and stores two hormones that play a major role in glucose metabolism:
Glucagon and insulin
A small portion of the pancreas is filled with the____. Within these islets are alpha and beta cells. The alpha cells produce glucagon and the beta cells produce insulin.
islets of Langerhans
In a person without diabetes, the pancreas stores and secretes insulin and glucagon in response to the level of glucose in the blood (FIGURE 20-1). When a person eats, the level of glucose in his or her blood rises. In response, the pancreas secretes insulin into the blood; this allows the glucose to enter the body’s cells and be used for energy. It also allows glucose to be stored in the form of glycogen in the ____ and skeletal muscles for use at a later time. As blood glucose levels return to normal, insulin stops being secreted and the body is said to be in a state of being fed.
liver
As time passes, the body will become hungry again. If the hungry individual skips or delays a meal, a message is sent to the pancreas to secrete glucagon. Glucagon then stimulates the liver and the skeletal muscles to release____ and converts it back to glucose for use as cellular fuel.
glycogen