Ch.14 Bls Resuscitation Flashcards
The principals of basic life support (bls) were introduced in
1960
The specific techniques for the management of cardiac arrest and the delivery of emergency and cardiac care have been reviewed and revised regularly. The updated guidelines are published in peer reviewed journals : __ in the United States and ___ in Europe
Circulation
Resuscitation
In normal situations, the risk of acquiring an infectious disease while performing CPR is very low. During a pandemic, this risk is escalated dramatically because both CPR and ventilation with a bag-mask device generate__ that can spread infectious disease.
aerosol particles
__ is noninvasive emergency life saving care that is used to treat medical conditions,including airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest
Basic life support (bls)
Permanent brain damage is possible after only __ to __ minutes without oxygen
4 to 6 minutes
Check for a pulse for no more than __ seconds,and, if no definite pulse is noted, assume the victim is in cardiac arrest
10 seconds
If breathing stops before the heart stops, then the patient may have enough oxygen in the lungs to stay alive for several minutes. When __ occurs first, the heart and brain stop receiving oxygen immediately
Cardiac arrest
__ is used to re establish circulation and artificial ventilation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Involves life saving procedures,such as cardiac monitoring,administration of intravenous (IV) fluids and medications, and the use of advanced airway adjuncts
Advanced life support (ALS)
According to the American heart association (AHA), 88% of sudden cardiac arrests occur__
in the home
Chest compressions create blood flow to the heart through filling of __
Coronary arteries
Everytime compressions are stopped,blood flow-and thus-___ - to the heart (and brain) drops to zero
Perfusion
It’s takes _ to _ compressions to reestablish effective blood flow to the heart after chest compressions are resumed.
5 to 10
If the patient is breathing adequately on his or her own and has no signs of injury to the spine ,hip,or pelvis,then place the patient in the __. This position helps to maintain a clear airway in a patient with a decreased level of consciousness who has not sustained traumatic injuries and is breathing adequately on his or her own
Recovery position
__ may cause increased intrathoracic pressure (pressure in the chest cavity) by putting pressure on the vena cava,thus reducing the amount of blood that returns to the heart. This increased intrathoracic pressure decreases the effectiveness of chest compressions and results in the heart and brain receiving decreased amounts of oxygen
Hyperventilation
Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal; may lead to increased intrathoracic pressure,decreased venous return,and hypotension when associated with bag mask device use
Hyperventilation
Patients who have undergone a laryngectomy (surgical removal of the larynx) often have a permanent tracheal__ at the midline in the neck. In this case, a_ is an opening that connects the trachea directly to the skin (FIGURE 14*
15). Because it is at the midline, the _ is the only opening that will move air into the patient’s lungs. Patients with a _ should be ventilated with a bag-mask device placed directly over the __.
stoma
Artificial ventilation may result in the stomach becoming filled with air, a condition called
Gastric distention
If you ventilate too forcefully,or if the patients airway is not opened adequately,then the excess gas under pressure opens up the collapsible tube(the __) and allows air to enter the stomach
Esophagus
When CPR is in progress on a patient who has an advanced airway device in place (ie, ET tube, King LT supraglottic airway, i-gel supraglottic airway), stopping compressions to provide a breath is not necessary. Compressions should be continuous at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute and ventilations should occur at a rate of one breath every__ (10 breaths/min). Do not attempt to synchronize compressions and ventilations; do not pause between compressions to deliver breaths.
6 seconds (10 breaths/min)
After five cycles of CPR (about__ minutes), the rescuer providing compressions to the patient (the compressor) will begin to tire, and compression quality will decrease. Therefore, compressors should switch positions every___. If there are only two rescuers on scene, then the two rescuers will alternate positions. If additional rescuers are available, the compressor should rotate every__. During switches, every effort should be made to minimize the time that no compressions are being administered. It should take less than 10 seconds to switch compressors.
2 minutes
When performing CPR on pediatric patients,compress to a depth of at least ___ the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest, at a ratio of 30:2 compressions to ventilations (one rescuer) or 15:2 compressions to ventilations (two rescuers)
One-third
___CPR is a technique that involves compressing the chest and then actively pulling it back up to its neutral position or beyond (decompression). This technique may increase the amount of blood that returns to the heart, and thus, the amount of blood ejected from the heart during the compression phase. FIGURE 14-17 shows an active_____ CPR device. It features a suction cup that is placed in the center of the chest. After compressing the chest to the proper depth, the rescuer pulls up on the handle of the device to provide active decompression of the chest, thus ensuring that the chest returns to at least its neutral position or even beyond neutral.
Active compression-decompression
On occasion, you may encounter a patient who has a___. The__ is a mechanical pump that is implanted in the chest and helps pump blood from the left ventricle to the aorta. A tube from the device passes through the skin and is attached to an external power source that the patient wears on their belt or an over-the-shoulder harness. The__ is commonly implanted in patients with severe heart failure or in those who are awaiting a heart transplant.
left ventricular assist device (LVAD)