Ch.16 Respiratoryemergencies Flashcards
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Dyspnea
A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow
Pulmonary embolism
The principal function of the lungs is __, which is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. To reach the lower airways, air travels through the trachea into each lung, first passing through the left and right main stem bronchus (larger airways), then on to the bronchioles (smaller airways), and finally into the alveoli. The alveoli are microscopic, thin-walled air sacs where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs
Respiration
The two processes that occur during respiration are _, the act of breathing in (inhaling), and __, the act of breathing out (exhaling)
Inspiration
Expiration
During respiration, oxygen is provided to the blood, and carbon dioxidel is removed from it. In healthy lungs, this exchange of gases takes place rapidly at the level of the alveoli (FIGURE 16-2). The alveoli lie against the pulmonary capillary vessels, and as oxygen enters the alveoli from inhalation, it passes freely through tiny passages in the alveolar wall into these capillaries through the process of__.
diffusion
Deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart (to the lungs) by the ____ and arterioles
Pulmonary arteries
Gas exchange takes place at the ___ covering the alveoli
Capillaries
Oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs (to the heart) by the ___ and venules
Pulmonary veins
Throughout the whole process of respiration, the brainstem constantly senses the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. The level of carbon dioxide bathing the brainstem stimulates a healthy person to breathe. If the level of carbon dioxide drops too low, the person automatically breathes at a____. As a result, less carbon dioxide is expired, allowing carbon dioxide levels in the blood to return to normal. Although considered a waste gas, some level of carbon dioxide in the blood is necessary: In addition to stimulating breathing, it helps balance the pH level. If the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood rises above normal, the person breathes more rapidly and more deeply. When more fresh air is brought into the alveoli, more carbon dioxide diffuses out of the bloodstream, thereby lowering the level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
slower rate and less deeply
Signs and symptoms of
Wheezing on inspiration/expiration
Bronchospasm
Asthma
Signs and symptoms of
Flushed skin or hives (urticaria)
Generalized edema
Decreased blood pressure (hypotension)
Laryngeal edema with dyspnea
Wheezing or stridor
Anaphylaxis
Signs and symptoms of
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Coughing
Fever
Dehydration
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Bronchiolitis
Signs and symptoms of
Chronic cough (with sputum production)
Wheezing
Cyanosis
Tachypnea (increased breathing rate)
Bronchitis
Signs and symptoms of
Dependent (lower extremity) edema
Crackles (pulmonary edema)
Orthopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Congestive heart failure
Signs and symptoms of
Cough
Runny or stuffy nose
Sore throat
Common cold
Signs and symptoms of
Cough
Fever
dyspnea
Chest pain
Anosmia(inability to smell)
Covid-19
Signs and symptoms of
Fever
Barking cough
Stridor
Mostly seen in pediatric patients
Croup
Signs and symptoms of
Difficulty brought breathing and swallowing
Sore throat
Thick, gray buildup in throat or nose
Fever
Diphtheria
Signs and symptoms of
Barrel chest
Pursed lip breathing
Dyspnea on exertion
Cyanosis
Wheezing/decreased breath sounds
Mostly seen in older patients
Emphysema
Signs and symptoms of
Dyspnea
High fever
Stridor
Drooling
Difficulty swallowing
Severe sore throat
Tripod or sniffing position
Mostly seen in pediatric patients
Epiglottitis
Signs and symptoms of
Cough
Fever
Sore throat
Fatigue
Influenza type a (flu)
Signs and symptoms of
Coughing spells
Whooping sound
Fever
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Signs and symptoms of
Dyspnea
Chills, fever
Cough
Green, red, or rust-colored sputum
Localized wheezing or crackles
Pneumonia
Signs and symptoms of
Sudden chest pain with dyspnea
Decreased breath sounds (affected side)
Subcutaneous emphysema
Pneumothorax