Ch.19 Gastro/urologic Flashcards
The study of how normal physiologic processes are affected by disease
Pathophysiology
Solid organs include the
Liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and ovaries(in women).
Solid masses of tissue where much of the chemical work of the body takes place(eg, the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys)
Solid organs
Structures through which materials pass, such as the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, ureters, and urinary bladder
Hollow organs
Technically, organs such as the kidneys, ovaries, and the pancreas are ____(behind the peritoneum). Because they lie next to the peritoneum, they can cause abdominal pain.
Retroperitineal
Definition
Behind the abdominal cavity
Retroperitoneal
The membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covering the abdominal organs(visceral peritoneum)
Peritoneum
An injury to a __ organ can cause shock and bleeding because of the amount of blood vessels contained in the organ
Solid organ
Hollow organs include the
Gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and urinary bladder
The __ system is responsible for the digestion process
The GI system
Definition
The processing of food that nourishes the individual cells of the body
Digestion
___ begins when food is put into the mouth and chewed; the salivary glands secrete saliva and begin to break down the food, then it is swallowed. The food travels down the esophagus to the stomach. The stomach is the main organ of the digestive system.
Digestion
Absorption of nutrients occurs at various places along the digestive tract. Sugars start to be absorbed while in the mouth. Most digestion takes place in the __, where gastric juice break down food to a form that can be used by the body
Stomach
The __ secretes bile, which aids in the digestion of fats. The _ also filters toxic substances produced by digestion, creates glucose stores, and produces substances necessary for blood clotting and immune function.
The liver
A large, solid organs that lies in the right upper quadrant immediately below the diaphragm; it produces bile, stores glucose for immediate use by the body, and produces many substances that help regulate immune responses
Liver
The __ is a hollow pouch located beneath the liver that acts as a reservoir for bile
The gallbladder
A sac on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct
Gallbladder
From the stomach, food travels down into the __, which consists of three sections: the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum.
Small intestine
The portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Small intestine
The __ is where digestive juices from the pancreas and liver mix together
The duodenum
The pancreas secretes juice containing __ that help break down starches, fats, and proteins.
Enzymes
__, which breaks down starches into sugar, is one enzyme the pancreas secretes
Amylase
The pancreas also produces bicarbonate, insulin, and glucagon. __ neutralizes the stomach acid in the duodenum. __ and __ help regulate the levels of glucose in the bloodstream
Bicarbonate
Insulin and glucagon
A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans(endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus
Insulin