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Ecology and evolution > CH.2-Connectivity/diversity of life > Flashcards

CH.2-Connectivity/diversity of life Flashcards

1
Q

What is acellular?

A

Not made of cells

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2
Q

What are viruses?

A

Microscopic acellular infectious agents/particles

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3
Q

Why do viruses need hosts?

A

For energy and building blocks to reproduce

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4
Q

Viruses have an organized structure made of what?

A

Macromolecules

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5
Q

All viruses have —- that enclose —- or —-

A

protein capsules - DNA - RNA

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6
Q

True or false? Many human viruses are not enclosed in a lipid membrane

A

False. They are enclosed in a lipid membrane

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7
Q

What allows viruses to evolve over time?

A

Genetic material (DNA or RNA) that encodes structure and can cause mutations. ==> Cause variants

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8
Q

Which cell do viruses use to replicate themselves?

A

Host cells

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9
Q

Viruses bind to —— ——- on the host’s cells’ surface

A

specific receptors

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10
Q

The —- —– —- gets inserted into the host cell’s DNA

A

viral genetic material

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11
Q

—– take over command of cell –> forces cell to make more copies of virus.

A

Viral genes

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of interactions in an ecosystem?

A

1) Between individuals of same species
2) Between individuals of different species
3) Interactions with physical environment

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13
Q

What level are interactions between indiv of same species? What do they fight for?

A

Population level. Resources, mates, cooperation

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14
Q

What level are interactions between indiv of dif species? What’s the competition?

A

Community level. Competition for food, resources, predation, herbivory

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15
Q

What level are interactions with physical environment? What are they?

A

Ecosystem level. Weather conditions, water, territory.

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16
Q

Ecosystem energy flow:
What are producers?

A

Convert light into energy into chemical energy

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17
Q

Ecosystem energy flow:
What are consumers?

A

Eat chemical energy from producers and/or other consumers

18
Q

Ecosystem energy flow:
What are decomposers?

A

Obtain energy from absorption or organic molecules from dead organisms

19
Q

Nutrient cycling in ecosystem:
What is physical environment?

A

Reservoir water, nutrients

20
Q

Nutrient cycling in ecosystem:
What are producers?

A

Assimilates nutrients form phys env and use to grow

21
Q

Nutrient cycling in ecosystem:
What are consumers?

A

Ingest nutrients from producers and/or other producers to grow

22
Q

Nutrient cycling in ecosystem:
What are decomposers?

A

Breakdown complex organic molecules into simpler inorganic forms

23
Q

Do all cells contain DNA?

A

Yes

24
Q

What are genes?

A

Specific segments of DNA. Each gene has instructions to make proteins that are responsible for traits

25
Q

Is DNA passed down from generation to generation?

A

Yes

26
Q

The genes dictate —-

A

our traits

27
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Genes of species that is inserted into DNA of another

28
Q

What is vertical descent with mutation?

A

Traditional view of evolution by Darwin: New species evolve from pre-existing species. Good traits are passed down form one gen to another

29
Q

The instructions in gene are written in —- of — bases

A

Code - nucleotide

30
Q

When a cell divides, a — needs to be made. If error, it is called —-

A

copy - mutation

31
Q

What is natural selection?

A

A trait that allows the organism to survive better –> Will become prevalent over time

32
Q

What is horizontal gene transfer? During how many generations does it last?

A

Evolution through exchange of genes between 2 different species. 1 generations (lifetime of the organism)

33
Q

Is horizontal gene transfer common with unicellular cells?

A

Yes

34
Q

If genetic material is transferred in a skin cell, can it be passed down?

A

No, would have to put in reproductive cells. That’s why horizontal gene transfer is easier with unicellular cells

35
Q

Why is diversity important?

A

Gives stability by making us better at coping with changes in environment

36
Q

Population genetically diverse or common is better at surviving in change?

A

Diverse

37
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Classification of the diversity of life

38
Q

What system does taxonomy use?

A

Hierarchical system by broad and specific grouping

39
Q

What are the 8 levels of classification? (Dumb Kings Play Chess On Fine Grain Sang)

A

1) Domain
2) Kingdom
3) Phylum
4) Class
5) Order
6) Family
7) Genus
8) Species

40
Q

What are the 3 types of domains? And characteristics (type of cell, where they live)

A

1) Bacteria - prokaryotic unicellular (diversity of environments)
2) Archaea - prokaryotic unicellular (extreme environments)
3) Eukarya - eukaryotic unicellular and multicellular (diversity of environments)

41
Q

What are the kingdoms of the domain eukarya?

A

Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists

Ecology and evolution (5 decks)

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