CH.2-Connectivity/diversity of life

Question 1

What is acellular?

Answer 1

Not made of cells

Question 2

What are viruses?

Answer 2

Microscopic acellular infectious agents/particles

Question 3

Why do viruses need hosts?

Answer 3

For energy and building blocks to reproduce

Question 4

Viruses have an organized structure made of what?

Answer 4

Macromolecules

Question 5

All viruses have —- that enclose —- or —-

Answer 5

protein capsules - DNA - RNA

Question 6

True or false? Many human viruses are not enclosed in a lipid membrane

Answer 6

False. They are enclosed in a lipid membrane

Question 7

What allows viruses to evolve over time?

Answer 7

Genetic material (DNA or RNA) that encodes structure and can cause mutations. ==> Cause variants

Question 8

Which cell do viruses use to replicate themselves?

Answer 8

Host cells

Question 9

Viruses bind to —— ——- on the host’s cells’ surface

Answer 9

specific receptors

Question 10

The —- —– —- gets inserted into the host cell’s DNA

Answer 10

viral genetic material

Question 11

—– take over command of cell –> forces cell to make more copies of virus.

Answer 11

Viral genes

Question 12

What are the 3 types of interactions in an ecosystem?

Answer 12

1) Between individuals of same species
2) Between individuals of different species
3) Interactions with physical environment

Question 13

What level are interactions between indiv of same species? What do they fight for?

Answer 13

Population level. Resources, mates, cooperation

Question 14

What level are interactions between indiv of dif species? What’s the competition?

Answer 14

Community level. Competition for food, resources, predation, herbivory

Question 15

What level are interactions with physical environment? What are they?

Answer 15

Ecosystem level. Weather conditions, water, territory.

Question 16

Ecosystem energy flow:
What are producers?

Answer 16

Convert light into energy into chemical energy

Question 17

Ecosystem energy flow:
What are consumers?

Answer 17

Eat chemical energy from producers and/or other consumers

Question 18

Ecosystem energy flow:
What are decomposers?

Answer 18

Obtain energy from absorption or organic molecules from dead organisms

Question 19

Nutrient cycling in ecosystem:
What is physical environment?

Answer 19

Reservoir water, nutrients

Question 20

Nutrient cycling in ecosystem:
What are producers?

Answer 20

Assimilates nutrients form phys env and use to grow

Question 21

Nutrient cycling in ecosystem:
What are consumers?

Answer 21

Ingest nutrients from producers and/or other producers to grow

Question 22

Nutrient cycling in ecosystem:
What are decomposers?

Answer 22

Breakdown complex organic molecules into simpler inorganic forms

Question 23

Do all cells contain DNA?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What are genes?

Answer 24

Specific segments of DNA. Each gene has instructions to make proteins that are responsible for traits

Question 25

Is DNA passed down from generation to generation?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

The genes dictate ----

Answer 26

our traits

Question 27

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 27

Genes of species that is inserted into DNA of another

Question 28

What is vertical descent with mutation?

Answer 28

Traditional view of evolution by Darwin: New species evolve from pre-existing species. Good traits are passed down form one gen to another

Question 29

The instructions in gene are written in ---- of --- bases

Answer 29

Code - nucleotide

Question 30

When a cell divides, a --- needs to be made. If error, it is called ----

Answer 30

copy - mutation

Question 31

What is natural selection?

Answer 31

A trait that allows the organism to survive better --> Will become prevalent over time

Question 32

What is horizontal gene transfer? During how many generations does it last?

Answer 32

Evolution through exchange of genes between 2 different species. 1 generations (lifetime of the organism)

Question 33

Is horizontal gene transfer common with unicellular cells?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

If genetic material is transferred in a skin cell, can it be passed down?

Answer 34

No, would have to put in reproductive cells. That's why horizontal gene transfer is easier with unicellular cells

Question 35

Why is diversity important?

Answer 35

Gives stability by making us better at coping with changes in environment

Question 36

Population genetically diverse or common is better at surviving in change?

Answer 36

Diverse

Question 37

What is taxonomy?

Answer 37

Classification of the diversity of life

Question 38

What system does taxonomy use?

Answer 38

Hierarchical system by broad and specific grouping

Question 39

What are the 8 levels of classification? (Dumb Kings Play Chess On Fine Grain Sang)

Answer 39

1) Domain 2) Kingdom 3) Phylum 4) Class 5) Order 6) Family 7) Genus 8) Species

Question 40

What are the 3 types of domains? And characteristics (type of cell, where they live)

Answer 40

1) Bacteria - prokaryotic unicellular (diversity of environments) 2) Archaea - prokaryotic unicellular (extreme environments) 3) Eukarya - eukaryotic unicellular and multicellular (diversity of environments)

Question 41

What are the kingdoms of the domain eukarya?

Answer 41

Plants Animals Fungi Protists