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Ecology and evolution > CH.1-Characteristics life/bio organization > Flashcards

CH.1-Characteristics life/bio organization Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of living organisms (7)

A

1) Organized structure made of organic molecules
2) Made of 1 or + cells
3) Grow, develop, reproduce
4) Energy to survive
5) Respond to stimuli
6) Maintain homeostasis
7) Evolve over generations

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2
Q

At every —- of a —— organism, we find that the structure is organized in a particular way. Not random

A

Level - living

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3
Q

Name 3 organic structures

A

1) Bone tissue
2) Cross section of cell
3) Digestive system

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4
Q

What are the building blocks of living organisms (molecules of life)?

A

Organic molecules

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5
Q

What makes a molecule organic?

A

Presence of carbon atoms

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6
Q

4 main groups of organic molecules

A

1) Carbohydrates (starch)
2) Proteins (muscle)
3) Lipids (fatty tissue)
4) Nucleic acids (DNA)

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7
Q

What’s an organism with one cell called?

A

Unicellular

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8
Q

What’s an organism with multiple cells called?

A

Unicellular

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9
Q

Are protists unicellular or multicellular?

A

Unicellular

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10
Q

When an organism grows, it in cell — and cell —. The form —.

A

size - number - doesn’t change

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11
Q

When an organism develops, it —-

A

Changes in form (transformation)

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12
Q

Living organisms don’t come from previous life form. True or false?

A

False - All living organisms come from already existing organisms (parents)

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of reproduction?

A

Asexual + Sexual

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14
Q

Why is energy taken in by living organisms?

A

To fuel metabolic reactions. Energy is for chemical reactions.

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15
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Sum of all chemical reactions in living cells. How we take E and transform it.

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16
Q

What functions does energy help perform?

A

1) Grow, develop reproduce
2) Respond to stimuli
3) Repair damage
4) Maintain cte internal env

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17
Q

How do we respond to stimuli?

A

With physical/chemical changes in our internal/external environments

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18
Q

What’s an example of an internal stimulus?

A

Kidneys to maintain blood pH

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19
Q

What’s an example of external stimulus?

A

Plants grow towards light

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20
Q

What is it called when there’s a stable internal environment maintained?

A

Homeostasis

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21
Q

What’s an example of homeostasis?

A

Humans maintain fluid levels, body temp

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22
Q

What do liv organisms have that are passed on from 1 gen to the next

A

Genetic traits

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23
Q

How do genetic traits help?

A

Survive better in environment

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24
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

Trait that allows to survive better that becomes more prevalent over time.

25
Q

What are the different levels of organization withing living organisms?

A

1) Atoms/molecules
2) Organelles
3) Cells
4) Tissues
5) Organs
6) Organ systems
7) Multicellular organism
8) Population
9) Community
10) Ecosystem
11) Biosphere

26
Q

What’s an organelle?

A

Distinct structures in cells that have specialized function

27
Q

What are organelles made of?

A

Molecules

28
Q

Examples of organelles and their functions?

A

Nucleus (houses DNA - genetic info to build all structures)
Mitochondrion (provides E to cell by cellular respiration)

29
Q

What is the smallest level of organization that is alive? (Smallest unit of life)

A

Cells

30
Q

What are cells made of?

A

Organelles and molecules

31
Q

In a multicellular organisms there are many types of cells, but for the most part, do they all contain the same components?

A

Yes

32
Q

What levels in a living organism cannot sustain life?

A

Atoms, molecules, organelles

33
Q

Characteristics of all cells

A

1) Surrounded by membrane
2) Have internal mass (cytoplasm)
3) Contain genetic material DNA
4) Have ribosomes (to make proteins)

34
Q

What are the 2 major types of cells?

A

Eukaryotic cell types
Prokaryotic cell type

35
Q

Can a living organism have both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

No, one or the other

36
Q

Eukaryotic cells are —- and more —-
Eukaryotic organism are animals, —-, fungi, —

A

Larger - complex
plants - protists

37
Q

Prokaryotic cells are — and less —
Prokaryotic organisms are —- and —

A

smaller - complex
bacteria - archaea

38
Q

Prokaryotic cells:
Is DNA enclosed in membrane?
What shape is DNA molecule?

A

DNA is NOT enclosed in its membrane.
DNA is circular.

39
Q

Which cell lacks membrane bound organelles?

A

Prokaryotic cells

40
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have ribosomes?

A

Yes

41
Q

Which cell has cytoplasm that fills ENTIRE cell?

A

prokaryotic

42
Q

Eukaryotic cells:
Is DNA enclosed in membrane?
What shape is DNA molecule?

A

Yes, DNA is enclosed in membrane and called the nucleus.
DNA is linear and coiled

42
Q

Which cell contains many membrane bound organelles?

A

Eukaryotic

43
Q

Which cell has cytoplasm that fills MOST of the cell? Which part does it not fill?

A

Eukaryotic, doesn’t fill the nucleus

44
Q

Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?

A

Cytoplasm

45
Q

Where is DNA location in eukaryotic cells?

A

Nucleus

46
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have many internal membranes?

A

No

47
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have many internal membranes?

A

Yes

48
Q

Which cell type has a cytoskeleton?

A

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic

49
Q

What are tissues?

A

Group of similar cells that share specific function (bone, muscle, blood)

50
Q

What are organs?

A

Structures made of different types of tissues that work together to perform the same function (stomach = digestion)

51
Q

What are organ systems?

A

Organs that work together for a shared purpose within organism

52
Q

Examples of organ systems?

A

Digestive system, nervous system, respiratory system

53
Q

What are multicellular organisms?

A

Independent living unit composed of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

54
Q

What is a population?

A

Group of individuals of same species living in same area (unicellular or multicellular)

55
Q

What is a community?

A

All populations of every species in same area

56
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All living organisms in given area (biotic component).

57
Q

In ecosystem, what is an abiotic component?

A

Physical environment the biotic component interacts with

58
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

Entire portion of Earth inhabited by living organisms

Ecology and evolution (10 decks)

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