CH.1-Characteristics life/bio organization Flashcards
Characteristics of living organisms (7)
1) Organized structure made of organic molecules
2) Made of 1 or + cells
3) Grow, develop, reproduce
4) Energy to survive
5) Respond to stimuli
6) Maintain homeostasis
7) Evolve over generations
At every —- of a —— organism, we find that the structure is organized in a particular way. Not random
Level - living
Name 3 organic structures
1) Bone tissue
2) Cross section of cell
3) Digestive system
What are the building blocks of living organisms (molecules of life)?
Organic molecules
What makes a molecule organic?
Presence of carbon atoms
4 main groups of organic molecules
1) Carbohydrates (starch)
2) Proteins (muscle)
3) Lipids (fatty tissue)
4) Nucleic acids (DNA)
What’s an organism with one cell called?
Unicellular
What’s an organism with multiple cells called?
Unicellular
Are protists unicellular or multicellular?
Unicellular
When an organism grows, it in cell — and cell —. The form —.
size - number - doesn’t change
When an organism develops, it —-
Changes in form (transformation)
Living organisms don’t come from previous life form. True or false?
False - All living organisms come from already existing organisms (parents)
What are the 2 types of reproduction?
Asexual + Sexual
Why is energy taken in by living organisms?
To fuel metabolic reactions. Energy is for chemical reactions.
What is metabolism?
Sum of all chemical reactions in living cells. How we take E and transform it.
What functions does energy help perform?
1) Grow, develop reproduce
2) Respond to stimuli
3) Repair damage
4) Maintain cte internal env
How do we respond to stimuli?
With physical/chemical changes in our internal/external environments
What’s an example of an internal stimulus?
Kidneys to maintain blood pH
What’s an example of external stimulus?
Plants grow towards light
What is it called when there’s a stable internal environment maintained?
Homeostasis
What’s an example of homeostasis?
Humans maintain fluid levels, body temp
What do liv organisms have that are passed on from 1 gen to the next
Genetic traits
How do genetic traits help?
Survive better in environment
What is an adaptation?
Trait that allows to survive better that becomes more prevalent over time.
What are the different levels of organization withing living organisms?
1) Atoms/molecules
2) Organelles
3) Cells
4) Tissues
5) Organs
6) Organ systems
7) Multicellular organism
8) Population
9) Community
10) Ecosystem
11) Biosphere
What’s an organelle?
Distinct structures in cells that have specialized function
What are organelles made of?
Molecules
Examples of organelles and their functions?
Nucleus (houses DNA - genetic info to build all structures)
Mitochondrion (provides E to cell by cellular respiration)
What is the smallest level of organization that is alive? (Smallest unit of life)
Cells
What are cells made of?
Organelles and molecules
In a multicellular organisms there are many types of cells, but for the most part, do they all contain the same components?
Yes
What levels in a living organism cannot sustain life?
Atoms, molecules, organelles
Characteristics of all cells
1) Surrounded by membrane
2) Have internal mass (cytoplasm)
3) Contain genetic material DNA
4) Have ribosomes (to make proteins)
What are the 2 major types of cells?
Eukaryotic cell types
Prokaryotic cell type
Can a living organism have both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
No, one or the other
Eukaryotic cells are —- and more —-
Eukaryotic organism are animals, —-, fungi, —
Larger - complex
plants - protists
Prokaryotic cells are — and less —
Prokaryotic organisms are —- and —
smaller - complex
bacteria - archaea
Prokaryotic cells:
Is DNA enclosed in membrane?
What shape is DNA molecule?
DNA is NOT enclosed in its membrane.
DNA is circular.
Which cell lacks membrane bound organelles?
Prokaryotic cells
Do prokaryotic cells have ribosomes?
Yes
Which cell has cytoplasm that fills ENTIRE cell?
prokaryotic
Eukaryotic cells:
Is DNA enclosed in membrane?
What shape is DNA molecule?
Yes, DNA is enclosed in membrane and called the nucleus.
DNA is linear and coiled
Which cell contains many membrane bound organelles?
Eukaryotic
Which cell has cytoplasm that fills MOST of the cell? Which part does it not fill?
Eukaryotic, doesn’t fill the nucleus
Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm
Where is DNA location in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Do prokaryotic cells have many internal membranes?
No
Do eukaryotic cells have many internal membranes?
Yes
Which cell type has a cytoskeleton?
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What are tissues?
Group of similar cells that share specific function (bone, muscle, blood)
What are organs?
Structures made of different types of tissues that work together to perform the same function (stomach = digestion)
What are organ systems?
Organs that work together for a shared purpose within organism
Examples of organ systems?
Digestive system, nervous system, respiratory system
What are multicellular organisms?
Independent living unit composed of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
What is a population?
Group of individuals of same species living in same area (unicellular or multicellular)
What is a community?
All populations of every species in same area
What is an ecosystem?
All living organisms in given area (biotic component).
In ecosystem, what is an abiotic component?
Physical environment the biotic component interacts with
What is a biosphere?
Entire portion of Earth inhabited by living organisms
