Ch17 - Heredity & Breeding Flashcards
The specific genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
The outward expression of genes that you can physically see (can also be influenced by the environment)
Phenotype
When a gene is damaged or changed, it is expressed differently, which is known as a ________.
mutation
An animal that has new genes from another species or genes from the same species that have been genetically engineered is known as a __________.
Transgenic animal
A ________ animal contains an altered gene that “turns off” a specific gene that they already have, preventing it from being expressed
Knockout animal
A _________ animal contains new DNA that has been designed to change a specific gene
Knockin animal
When adding a functional human gene to an animal, the mutant is referred to as __________.
humanized
In which breeding scheme are unrelated or distantly related animals of the same stock bred together?
Outbreeding
In which breeding scheme are animals that are closely related and have minimal genetic variation bred together?
Inbreeding
In which breeding scheme are animals that have similar characteristics bred together in order to pass down that desirable trait to the offspring? These animals might share a few common distant ancestors.
Line breeding
In which breeding scheme are different strains of animals from the same species bred together? (ex. Australian labradoodle)
Cross breeding
What is the term for “difficult birth”
dystocia
What occurs in a vaginal prolapse?
a portion of the vaginal tissue is visible and protrudes from the vulva
The white spot on rodent pup’s left side of their abdomen that indicates that they are nursing well is called the ________
milk spot
How are polygamous and harem mating systems similar and how are they different?
Similar: both involve 1 M and 2 Fs; produced the largest number of offspring from the least amount of breeders; most economical method
Difference: Polygamous - F removed from group once she’s pregnant; Harem - F stays in group
