Ch.15 The Influence Of Factors On Perception

Question 1

What are perceptual constancies?

Answer 1

They enable us to maintain a stable perception of a stimulus.

Question 2

What are the perceptual constancies?

Answer 2

Size constancy - we maintain a constant perception of an object’s size.

Shape constancy - an object is perceived to maintain its shape despite looking at it at a different angle.

Question 3

What are Gestalt principles?

Answer 3

Are used to organise and interpret perceptual stimuli.

Question 4

Gestalt principles

Answer 4

Figure-ground
Closure
Similarity
Proximity

Question 5

Figure-ground

Answer 5

Where a figure and the ground are separated by an imagined contour (line).

eg. camouflage

Question 6

Closure

Answer 6

We perceive an image as being whole despite it actually being incomplete.

eg. company logos

Question 7

Similarity

Answer 7

We tend to group similar objects together to create a meaningful whole.

Question 8

Proximity

Answer 8

We tend to group parts of stimulus together as a meaningful whole, when they are close to each other.

Question 9

Define depth perception

Answer 9

Is the ability to judge 3D space and distance, using cues in the environment.

Question 10

What are the binocular depth cues

Answer 10

Retinal disparity

Convergence

Question 11

What are the monocular depth cues

Answer 11

Accommodation

Pictorial cues

Question 12

Retinal disparity

Answer 12

The brain compares and contrasts the two slightly different images.

Question 13

Convergence

Answer 13

Is the automatic turning of the eyes inwards as we watch an object approaching.

Question 14

Accommodation

Answer 14

Involves the lens of the eye changing shape so that it can focus light rays onto the retina.

Question 15

What are the pictorial depth cues

Answer 15

Are used by artists to create a 3D perception of something that exists on a 2D surface.

Linear perspective
Interposition
Texture gradient
Relative size
Height in the visual field

Question 16

Linear perspective

Answer 16

Parallel lines are come together as they extend along to an imaginary point.

Question 17

Interposition (overlap)

Answer 17

Is the blocking of one object by another.

Question 18

Texture gradient

Answer 18

Is used to make surfaces in a picture appear to disappear away into the distance.

Question 19

Relative size

Answer 19

Is when we perceive the object producing the largest image as being the nearest, and the object producing the smallest image as being the farthest.

Question 20

Height in the visual field

Answer 20

Shows depth by showing objects further away. Such as an aeroplane, clouds and birds.

Question 21

Factors influencing taste

Answer 21

Biological
Psychological
Social