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Medical Terms > CH13-Ear > Flashcards

CH13-Ear Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

auricle

A

external, visible part of the ear located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory canal. (also called pinna)

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2
Q

external auditory canal

A

short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane. The inner part lies within the temporal bone of the
skull and contains the glands that secrete earwax (cerumen). (also called external auditory meatus)

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3
Q

middle ear

A

consists of the tympanic membrane and the tympanic cavity containing the ossicles

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4
Q

tympanic membrane

A

semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory canal and the middle ear cavity. The
tympanic membrane transmits sound vibrations to the ossicles. (also called eardrum)

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5
Q

ossicles

A

bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations. The ossicles are composed of the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). The stapes connects to the oval window, which transmits
the sound vibrations to the cochlea of the inner ear.

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6
Q

eustachian tube

A

passage between the middle ear and the pharynx; equalizes air pressure on both sides of the tympanic
membrane

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7
Q

inner ear

A

consists of the labyrinth and connectors of the vestibular and the cochlear nerves

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8
Q

labyrinth

A

bony spaces within the temporal bone of the skull made up of three distinct parts, the cochlea, the semicircular canals, and the vestibule. The cochlea facilitates hearing. The semicircular canals and the vestibule facilitate equilibrium and balance

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9
Q

cochlea

A

coiled portion of the inner ear containing the sensory organ for hearing; connects to the oval window in the middle ear

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10
Q

semicircular canals and vestibule

A

sensory organs of balance; contain receptors and endolymph that provide sensory information about the body’s position to maintain equilibrium

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11
Q

mastoid bone

A

portion of the temporal bone of the skull posterior and inferior to each auditory canal; contains mastoid air cells that drain into the middle ear cavity behind the external auditory canal. (also called mastoid process)

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12
Q

myringo

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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13
Q

tympano

A

middle ear

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14
Q

vestibulo

A

vestibule

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15
Q

labyrinthitis

A

inflammation of the labyrinth

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16
Q

mastoiditis

A

inflammation of the mastoid bone

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17
Q

myringitis

A

inflammation of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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18
Q

otalgia

A

pain in the ear

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19
Q

otomastoiditis

A

inflammation of the ear and the mastoid bone

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20
Q

otomycosis

A

abnormal condition of fungus in the ear (usually affects the external auditory canal)

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21
Q

otopyorrhea

A

discharge of pus from the ear

22
Q

otorrhea

A

discharge from the ear (serous, bloody, pus, or cerebrospinal fluid)

23
Q

otosclerosis

A

hardening of the ear (stapes) caused y irregular bone development and resulting in hearing loss

24
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

benign tumor within the internal auditory canal growing from the acoustic nerve (cochlear branch of the
vestibulocochlear nerve); may cause hearing loss and may damage structures of the cerebellum as it
grows

25
Q

cholesteatoma

A

cystlike mass composed of epithelial cells and cholesterol occurring in the middle ear; may be associated with chronic otitis media

26
Q

meniere disease

A

chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by a sensation of spinning motion (vertigo), ringing in the
ear (tinnitus), aural fullness, and fluctuating hearing loss; symptoms are related to a change in volume or composition of fluid within the labyrinth

27
Q

otitis externa

A

inflammation of the outer ear

28
Q

otitis media (OM)

A

inflammation of the middle ear

29
Q

presbycusis

A

hearing impairment occurring with age

30
Q

vertigo

A

sense that either one’s own body or the environment is revolving may indicate inner ear disease

31
Q

cochlear implant

A

pertaining to the cochlea implant (surgically inserted electronic device that converts sound into electrical impulses. The impulses stimulate the auditory nerve to carry the signal to the brain which learns to interpret the signal as sound. The damaged part of the ear is bypassed.)

32
Q

labyrinthectomy

A

excision of the labyrinth

33
Q

mastoidectomy

A

excision of the mastoid bone

34
Q

mastoidotomy

A

incision of the mastoid bone

35
Q

myringoplasty

A

surgical repair of the tympanic membrane

36
Q

myringotomy

A

incision into the tympanic membrane (performed to relieve pressure in the middle ear by releasing pus or fluid and for the placement of tubes)

37
Q

stapedectomy

A

excision of the stapes (performed to restore hearing in cases of otosclerosis; the stapes is replaced by a prosthesis)

38
Q

tympanoplasty

A

surgical repair (of the hearing mechanism) or the middle ear (including the tympanic membrane and the ossicles)

39
Q

electrocochleography

A

process of recording the electrical activity in the cochlea in response to sound

40
Q

otoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the ear

41
Q

tympanometer

A

instrument used to measure middle ear function

42
Q

tympanometry

A

measurement of middle ear function

43
Q

aural

A

pertaining to the ear

44
Q

otolaryngologist

A

physician who studies and treats disease of the ear, nose, and larynx (throat)

45
Q

vestibular

A

pertaining to the vestibule

46
Q

vestibulocochlear

A

pertaining to the vestibule and the cochlea

47
Q

AOM

A

acute otitis media

48
Q

ENT

A

ears, nose, throat

49
Q

HOH

A

hard of hearing

50
Q

OM

A

otitis media

Medical Terms (13 decks)

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