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Medical Terms > CH12-Eye > Flashcards

CH12-Eye Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

sclera

A

outer protective layer of the eye; the portion seen on the anterior portion of the eyeball is referred to as the white of the eye

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2
Q

cornea

A

transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is anterior to aqueous humor and lies over the iris. it allows the light rays to enter the eye

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3
Q

choroid

A

middle layer of the eye, which is interlaced with many blood vessels that supply nutrients to the eye

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4
Q

retina

A

innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors

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5
Q

aqueous humor

A

watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye. it provides nourishment to nearby structures and maintains shape in the anterior part of the eye

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6
Q

vitreous humor

A

jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

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7
Q

meibomian glands

A

oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye

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8
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

network of glands, ducts, canals, and sacs that produce and drain tears

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9
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera

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10
Q

blepharo

A

eyelid

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11
Q

coro

A

pupil

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12
Q

dacryo

A

tears

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13
Q

oculo

A

eye

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14
Q

opto

A

vision

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15
Q

cryo

A

cold

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16
Q

cysto

A

bladder

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17
Q

iso

A

equal

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18
Q

tono

A

tension, pressure

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19
Q

opia

A

vision (condition)

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20
Q

plegia

A

paralysis

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21
Q

aphakia

A

condition of without a lens (may be congenital, though often is the result of extraction of a cataract without the placement of an intraocular lens)

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22
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelid

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23
Q

blepharoptosis

A

dropping of the eyelid

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24
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva (pinkeye)

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25
Q

dacryocystitis

A

inflammation of the tear (lacrimal) sac

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26
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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27
Q

endophthalmitis

A

inflammation within the eye

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28
Q

iridoplegia

A

paralysis of the iris

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29
Q

iritis

A

inflammation of the iris

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30
Q

keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea

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31
Q

keratomalacia

A

softening of the cornea (usually a bilateral condition associated with vitamin A deficiency)

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32
Q

leukocoria

A

condition of white pupil

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33
Q

oculomycosis

A

abnormal condition of the eye caused by a fungus

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34
Q

opthalmalgia

A

pain in the eye

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35
Q

opthalmoplegia

A

paralysis of the eye (muscle)

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36
Q

phacomalacia

A

softening of the lens

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37
Q

photophobia

A

abnormal fear of (sensitivity to) light

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38
Q

retinoblastoma

A

tumor arising from a developing retinal cell

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39
Q

retinopathy

A

(any noninflammatory) disease of the retina

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40
Q

scleritis

A

inflammation of the sclera

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41
Q

scleromalacia

A

softening of the sclera

42
Q

xerophthalmia

A

condition of dry eye (conjunctiva and cornea)

43
Q

amblyopia

A

reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated with strabismus, unequal refractive errors, or otherwise impaired vision

44
Q

anisometropia

A

significant unequal refractive error between two eyes

45
Q

astigmatism (Ast)

A

blurred vision caused by irregular curvature of the cornea or lens. light refracts improperly, resulting in diffused, rather than points of light focusing on the retina

46
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens of the eye

47
Q

chalazion

A

non-infected obstruction of an oil gland of the eyelid

48
Q

drusen

A

yellowish deposits located under the retina; commonly associated with aging and macular degeneration

49
Q

glaucoma

A

eye disorder characterized by increase of intraocular pressure (IOP). if left untreated may progress to optic nerve damage and visual impairment or loss

50
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

51
Q

hyphema

A

hemorrhage within the anterior chamber of the eye; most often caused by blunt trauma

52
Q

macular degeneration

A

progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called the macula, resulting in loss of central vision

53
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

54
Q

nyctalopia

A

poor vision at night or in faint light

55
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary, jerking movement of the eyes

56
Q

pinguecula

A

yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to long-term exposure to ultraviolet light, dry climates, and dust. a pinguecula that spreads onto the cornea becomes a pterygium.

57
Q

presbyopia

A

impaired vision as a result of aging

58
Q

pterygium

A

thin tissue growing onto the cornea from the conjunctiva, usually caused by sun exposure

59
Q

retinal detachment

A

separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye

60
Q

retinitis pigmentosa

A

hereditary, progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes

61
Q

strabismus

A

condition in which the eyes look in different directions; caused by dysfunction of the external eye muscles or an uncorrected refractive error

62
Q

sty

A

infection of an oil gland of the eyelid

63
Q

blepharoplasty

A

surgical repair of the eyelid

64
Q

cryoretinopexy

A

surgical fixation of the retina by using extreme cold (CO2)

65
Q

dacryocystorhinostomy

A

creation an artificial opening between the tear (lacrimal) sac and the nose (to restore drainage into the nose when the nasolacrimal duct is obstructed or obliterated)

66
Q

dacryocystotomy

A

incision into the tear (lacrimal) sac

67
Q

iridectomy

A

excision of the iris

68
Q

iridotomy

A

incision into the iris

69
Q

keratoplasty

A

surgical repair of the cornea

70
Q

sclerotomy

A

incision into the sclera

71
Q

enucleation

A

surgical removal of the eyeball

72
Q

phacoemulsification (PHACO)

A

method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated

73
Q

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

A

procedure for the treatment of astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia in which an excimer laser is used to reshape (flatten) the corneal surface by removing a portion of the cornea

74
Q

retinal photocoagulation

A

intense beam of light from laser condenses retinal tissue to seal leaking blood vessels, to destroy abnormal tissue or lesions, or to bond the retina to the back of the eye

75
Q

scleral buckling

A

procedure to repair retinal detachment

76
Q

trabeculectomy

A

surgical creation of an opening that allows aqueous humor to drain out of the eye to underneath the conjunctive where it is absorbed; used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure

77
Q

vitrectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the vitreous humor

78
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

radiographic imaging of blood vessels

79
Q

keratometer

A

instrument used to measure the curvature of the cornea

80
Q

ophthalmoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination (of the interior) of the eye

81
Q

optometry

A

measurement of vision (also eye and visual processing system)

82
Q

pupillometer

A

instrument used to measure (the diameter of) the pupil

83
Q

reinoscopy

A

visual examination of the retina

84
Q

tonometer

A

instrument used to measure pressure

85
Q

anisocoria

A

condition of absence of equal pupil size

86
Q

binocular

A

pertaining to two or both eyes

87
Q

corneal

A

pertaining to the cornea

88
Q

intraocular

A

pertaining to within the eye

89
Q

isocoria

A

condition of equal pupil size

90
Q

lacrimal

A

pertaining to tears

91
Q

nasolacrimal

A

pertaining to the nose and tear ducts

92
Q

ophthalmic

A

pertaining to the eye

93
Q

retinal

A

pertaining to the retina

94
Q

emmetropia

A

normal refractive condition of the eye

95
Q

intraocular lens (IOL)

A

artificial lens implanted within the eye during cataract surgery

96
Q

miotic

A

agent that constricts the pupil

97
Q

mydriatic

A

agent that dilated the pupil

98
Q

optician

A

specialist who fills prescriptions for lenses

99
Q

optometrist

A

health professional who diagnoses, treats, and manages diseases and disorders of the eyes and visual system

100
Q

visual acuity (VA)

A

sharpness of vision for either distance or near

Medical Terms (13 decks)

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