CH12 - Ethics and Responsibilities in the workplace and marketplace Flashcards

1
Q

set of values which holds that work is important to members of society

A
  • work influences the qualities or character of individuals
  • work is a purposeful activity requiring the expenditure of energy with some sacrifice of leisure
  • some gain is involved (money)
  • through work, a person contributes to society and becomes a better individual
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2
Q

recent work ethic trends

A
  • opting out of labour force (early retirement)
  • collecting EI/welfare rather than accepting unattractive jobs
  • changing careers
  • refusing to work overtime
  • felling alienation caused by pressure in the workplace
  • questioning traditional authority
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3
Q

Gig economy def

A

persons whose participation in labour force is via short-term, temporary jobs, contracts, and self-employment

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4
Q

Contemporary
Implications on the
Work Ethic (+challenges)

A
  • increase in workplace stress
  • increasing use of part-time or temporary workers
  • moonlighting increase (second job)
    challenges:
    • strong work ethic
    • feelings of insecurity and disappointment
  • fringe benefits changing to retain employees (elder care, working from home, etc)
  • benefits received from health care + pension plans declining (too costly for employers)
  • compensation (greater emphasis on pay for performance - cash bonus)
  • more concern with work/life balance
  • job insecurity increase
  • Canada has labour skills shortage
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5
Q

how to improve employee loyalty

A
  • managers must communicate persuasive corp image
  • employees should be rewarded for loyalty
  • must be corp priority and start at the top with CEO
  • persons of all levels involved
  • token, one-shot efforts avoided
  • must distinguish between loyalty to individuals and to corp
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6
Q

what is protecting employee privacy

A

federal government : Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) and other provincial legislation

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7
Q

what is challenging employee privacy

A

Emergence of electronic tech and social media
- surveillance or monitoring of email and internet usage
- use of cameras

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8
Q

discrimination def

A

preferential (or less preferential) treatment on bases not directly related to qualification of the job or job performance
(race, genre, nationality, age, disability, sexual orientation, etc)

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9
Q

legislations to address discrimination

A
  • employment equity act
  • Canadian human rights act
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10
Q

diversity management def

A

voluntary initiative beyond what is required by law to eliminate discrimination

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11
Q

sexual harassment and management

A
  • management and board of directors must be proactive in addressing sexual harassment and issues involved:
    -> implementing procedures for reporting
    -> establishing independent helplines
    -> increasing training programs and refreshing training material
    -> revising codes of conduct
    -> include more diverse voices in executive and board positions
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12
Q

feminist ethics def

A

diverse set of gender-focused approaches to ethical theory and practice
- objective to develop non-sexist ethical principles, policies, and practices in society
- places emphasis on three concepts that provide better approach to recognizing, evaluating and addressing ethical concerns: relationships, responsibility and experience

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13
Q

connection between CSR and employee management

A

emotional and intellectual commitment of an individual or group to an org that supports building and sustaining business performance
- employers effectively comunication CSR within corporation are more likely to attract and retain employees
- employees who give money or time to social causes are more committed to their employers

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14
Q

essential characteristics of consumer sovereignty

A
  • consumers dictate the type, quality and quantity of g&s to be provided
  • elements of democracy are present, including the idea of voting through purchase decisions
  • consumers free to make their own choices and not unduly influenced by producers or govs
  • economic system operates more efficiently when consumers determine production
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15
Q

conditions of consumer sovereignty are seldom fulfilled in the marketplace because buyers face…

A
  • high information costs
  • offensive and often misleading advertising
  • shoddy and unsafe goods
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16
Q

consumerism def

A

social movement seeking to protect and augment the rights and powers of buyers in relation to sellers

17
Q

consumer rights + the responsibilities

A

safety - follow instructions and take precautions
choose - make independent, informed consumption choices
be heard - make opinions known and to complain in a constructive manner
be informed - search out and use available info
consumer education - take advantage of education opportunities
redress - fight for quality and service expected
healthy environment - minimize environ. damage by careful choice and use of g&s

18
Q

ethical consumerism

A

form of activism where consumers buy products, goods and services that are ethically produced and/or not harmful to the environment or society

19
Q

3 factors that motivate consumers to make ethical or socially responsible purchases

A
  • CSR information available
  • must be a moral alignment of CSR practices with the consumer on moral values
  • products must be considered affordable
20
Q

examples of ethical products

A

-> food: organic, local, fair trade
-> housing: energy efficient
-> clothing: organic material, eco-friendly design, recycled
-> cosmetics: cruelty-free, natural ingredients
-> energy: clean source of energy, fluorescent lightbulbs
-> transportation: hybrid/electric vehicles, “terror-free gas”

21
Q

what has increased unethical practices

A

increased competition:
- industrial spying, espionage, sabotage
- copying / counterfeiting products

22
Q

concerns about the concentration of corporate power

A
  • too much influence over the economy
  • too much influence over the government
23
Q

Competition Act def

A

def = establishes basic principles for the conduct of business in Canada so that competition is encouraged and maintained
-> governs business conduct regarding conspiracy, bid-rigging, predatory pricing, mergers, abuse of dominant position

24
Q

factors determining competitive behaviour

A
  • entrepreneurship
  • deregulation and privatization
  • technology
  • decline of natural monopoly
  • global trends in trade
  • mergers / takeovers
25
Q

how does the Competition Act ensure suppliers do not take advantage of customers

A
  • exclusive dealing, tied selling and market restrictions
  • price discrimination
  • price maintenance
  • refusal to deal
26
Q

supplier diversity def

A

def = reaching out to groups not traditionally included or underrepresented in the supply chain or within the purchasing process of major corporations or governments

27
Q

purpose of supplier diversity organizations

A
  • provide corps owned by Indigenous people and minority groups an equal opportunity to become suppliers to major corporations and governments
  • provide support, guidance, and consultation in approaches to developing and applying effective inclusive procurement policies and practices
28
Q

supply chain def

A

def = route that a product travels from the procurement of raw materials, the transformation into intermediate goods and then final products, and the delivery to consumers through a distribution system to its ultimate disposal by the consumer
-> planning, scheduling, and controlling the supply chain appropriately = right product, in the right place, at the right time and in the right condition

29
Q

stages in a supply chain

A

raw materials -> local processing -> transportation -> manufacturing / further processing -> distribution through wholesalers or distributors -> retail outlets -> consumers and consumption -> disposal

30
Q

key sustainability issues in global supply chains (9)

A
  • working conditions
  • environment
  • CSR
  • low wages
  • human rights
  • child labour
  • health and safety
  • low wage
  • forced labour and sweatshops
31
Q

3 steps to developing sustainable global supply chain

A
  1. identify motivators
  2. assess internal and external levers
  3. improve practices
32
Q

sustainability purchasing def

A

def = focus on ethics and responsibility in purchasing (ethical sourcing, trade)
-> selecting goods and services which promote a healthier community and environment
- considering costs + environmental and social impacts of g&s
- through all stages of their lifecycles (development, manufacturing, usage, disposal)

33
Q

extended producer responsibility def

A

def = environmental policy approach in which a producer’s responsibility, physical and/or financial, for a product is extended to the post-consumer stage of a product’s life cycle
-> product stewardship

34
Q

Life cycle thinking (LCT)

A

def - going beyond the traditional focus on production site and manufacturing processes to include environmental, social and economic impacts of a product over its entire life cycle (life cycle assessment and social life cycle)

35
Q

fair trade def + criticism

A

used to identify products that are involved with sustainability purchasing; usually focuses on the beginning of the product chain
criticism:
- little of the extra paid by consumers for fair trade products reaches the producers or farmers
- problems exist with certification; fair trade may actually impoverish farmers
- exploitation of labour still exists
- neglecting farming techniques and pesticide use