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Chapter 9 Vascular > Ch10(Liver) Ch11(Gallbladder) Ch12 (Pancreas) > Flashcards

Ch10(Liver) Ch11(Gallbladder) Ch12 (Pancreas) Flashcards

1
Q

Hereditary disease that causes excessive production of thick mucus by endocrine glands

A

Cystic fibrosis

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2
Q

Fluid accumulation causes by a rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdomen; free-floating pancreatic enzymes are very dangerous to surrounding structures

A

pancreatic ascites

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3
Q

Enlargement of the gallbladder caused by a slow, progressive obstruction of the distal common bile duct from an external mass, such as adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head

A

Courvoiser’s Gallbladder

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4
Q

Abnormal increase in WBC’s caused by infections

A

leukocytosis

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5
Q

“Sterile abscess” collection of pancreatic enzymes that accumulate in the available space in the abdomen, usually in or near the pancreas

A

pancreatic pseudocyst

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6
Q

Space or cavity that contains fluid but has no true endothelial lining membrane

A

pseudocyst

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7
Q

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to aid in the ingestion of carbohydrates

A

amylase

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8
Q

Hormone that causes glycogen formation from glucose in the liver and that allow circulation glucose to enter tissue cells

A

insulin

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9
Q

Pancreatic enzyme that is elevated during pancreatitis

A

serum amylase

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10
Q

The kind of pancreatic function that involves the production and digestion of the pancreatic juice

A

exocrine

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11
Q

The kind of pancreatic function that involves the production of the hormone insulin.

A

endocrine

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12
Q

Serves as the posterior border to the body of the pancreas

A

superior mensentrc artery

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13
Q

Lies in the C-loop of the duodenum; the gastroduodenal artery is the anteriolateral border, and the common bile duct is the posterlateral border

A

Head of pancreas

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14
Q

Forms the right superior border of the body and head of the pancreas and gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery

A

Common hepatic artery

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15
Q

Lies posterior to the neck or body of the pancreas and anterior to uncinate process of the gland

A

Superior mesentric vein

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16
Q

Small, curves tip of the pancreatic head that lies Posterior to the superior mesentric vein(SMV)

A

uncinate process

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17
Q

Lies in the epigastrium anterior to the superior mesenteric artery(SMA), and vein (SMV), aorta, and inferior vena cava(IVC).

A

Body of pancreas

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18
Q

Junction of the splenic vein and main portal vein; posterior border of the pancreas

A

portal-splenic conflunce

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19
Q

Tapered end of the pancreas that lies in the left hypochondrium near the hilus of the spleen and upper pole of the left kidney

A

Tail of the pancreas

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20
Q

Positive sign implies exquisite tenderness over the area of the gallbladder upon palpation

A

Murphy’s sign

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21
Q

Stones in the bile duct

A

choledocholithiasis

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22
Q

Small septum within the gallbladder, usually arising from the posterior wall

A

junctions fold

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23
Q

Cystic growth on the common bile duct that may cause obstruction

A

Choledodochal cyst

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24
Q

Inflammation of gallbladder; may be acute or chronic

A

cholecystitis

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25
Q

Variant of adenomyomatosis, cholesterol polyps

A

cholesterolosis

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26
Q

Small polypoid projections from the gallbladder wall

A

adenomyomatosis

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27
Q

inflammation of the bile duct

A

cholangitis

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28
Q

Calcification of the gallbladder Wall

A

porcelain gallbladder

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29
Q

Gallbladder variant in which part of the fundus is bent back on itself

A

phrygain cap

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30
Q

Small part of the gallbladder that lies near the cystic duct where stone may collect

A

Hartman’s pouch

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31
Q

Connect the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct

A

cystic duct

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32
Q

Small opening in the duodenum in which the pancreatic and common bile duct enter to release secretions

A

ampulla of vater

33
Q

Extends from the point where the common hepatic duct meets the cystic duct; drains into the duodenum after it joins with the main pancreatic duct

A

common bile duct

34
Q

Develops when normal venous channels become obstructed

A

collateral circulation

35
Q

Pus-forming collection of fluid

A

pyogenic abscess

36
Q

Affects hepatocytes and interferes with the liver function

A

diffuse hepatocellular disease

37
Q

Most common form of neoplasm of the liver; primary sites are colon, breast, and lung

A

metastatic disease

38
Q

Hypoechoic mass with as echogenic central core(abscess, metastases)

A

Bull’s eye (target) lesion

39
Q

Classification of the liver disease where the main problem is blocked bile excretion within the liver or biliary system

A

Obstructive disease

40
Q

Blood urea nitrogen; laboratory measurement of the amount of nitrogenous waste and creatinine in the blood

A

BUN

41
Q

Classification of liver disease where hepatocytes are the primary problem

A

hepatocellular disease

42
Q

Enzyme of the liver

A

alkaline phosphatase

43
Q

Aspartate aminotransferase/enzyme of the liver

A

AST

44
Q

Alanine aminotransferase/enzyme of the liver

A

ALT

45
Q

Yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of RBC’s; excreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

A

bilirubin

46
Q

Enters the liver at the porta hepatis

A

Main portal vein

47
Q

Extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a sagittal plane and contains the ligamentum teres

A

falciform ligament

48
Q

Boundary between the right and left lobes of the liver; seen as hyperechoic line on the sagittal image extending from the portal vein to the neck of the gallbaldder

A

main lobar fissure

49
Q

Lies in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium

A

Left Lobe

50
Q

Area superior to the liver that is covered by peritoneum line of the transverse and sagittal image

A

Bare area

51
Q

Separates left lobe from caudate lobe; shown as echogenic line of the transverse and sagittal images

A

Ligamentum Venosum

52
Q

Smallest lobe of the liver situated on the posteriosuperior surface of the left lobe; the ligamentum venosum is the anterior border

A

caudate lobe

53
Q

A congenital variant, _____, can sometimes be seen as an anterior projection of the liver and may extend inferiorly as far as the iliac crest

A

Riedal lobe

54
Q

The liver is covered by a thin connective tissue layer called ____ capsule

A

Glisson’s

55
Q

Sugar may be absorbed from the blood in several forms, but only ____ can be used by cells through the body as a source of energy

A

glucose

56
Q

The accompanying loss of oncotic pressure in the vascular system allows fluid to migrate into the interstitial space, resulting in ______ in dependent areas.

A

edema

57
Q

Within the homogeneous parenchyma lie the thin walled _____, the brightly reflective ____, the ____ arteries, and the ___ duct.

A

hepatic veins, portal vein, hepatic , hepatic

58
Q

List the 4 criteria assess when evaluation the liver parenchyma

A

size, configuration, contour, homogeneity

59
Q

In focal sparing, the most common affected areas are anterior to the ____ or portal vein and the posterior portion of the ____ of liver

A

gallbladder, left lobe

60
Q

List four of the eight sonographic finding for cirrhosis of the liver

A

fibrosis and nodular, enlarge liver and spleen, cauduate lobe to right lobe exceed .65

61
Q

A(n) ______ is a benign, congenital tumor consisting of large, blood-filled cystic spaces.

A

hemanginoma

62
Q

Bile is the principal medium for excretion of bilirubin

A

cholesterol

63
Q

Sonographically, the common duct lies _____ and to the ____ right of the portal vein in the region of the porta hepatis and gastrohepatic ligament

A

anterior, right

64
Q

The hepatic artery lies ____ and to the _____ of the portal vein

A

anterior, left

65
Q

One a transverse scan, the common duct, hepatic, artery, and portal vein have been referred to as the _______ sign

A

Mickey Mouse

66
Q

The normal wall thickness of the gallbladder wall is less than ____ mm

A

3

67
Q

The job of the sonographer is to localize the level and cause of the obstruction. List the three primary areas where obstruction occurs:

A

intrapancreatic, suprapancreatic, portahepatic

68
Q

The pancreatic gland appears sonograpghically ______ to slightly more ____ than the hepatic parenchyma.

A

isoechoic, hyperechoic

69
Q

The major posterior vascular landmarks of the pancreas are the _____ and ____.

A

Aorta , inferior vena cava

70
Q

The tortuous ____ is the superior border of the pancreas

A

splenic artery

71
Q

The ____ crosses anterior to the uncinate process of the head of the gland and posterior to the neck and body

A

superior mensentric vein

72
Q

The ____ receives tributaries form lobules at right angles and enters the medial second part of duodenum with common bile duct at the ampulla of Vater

A

duct of Wirsurg

73
Q

The pancreas is both a digestive (____) and a hormonal (____) gland.

A

exocrine, endocrine

74
Q

Failure of the pancreas to furnish sufficient insulin leads to ____.

A

diabetes melitus

75
Q

Exocrine function is performed by ____ of the pancreas

A

acini cell

76
Q

There are specific enzymes of the pancreas that may become altered in pancreatic disease, namely ____ and ____.

A

amylase, lipase

77
Q

____ controls the blood sugar level in the body

A

Glucose

78
Q

An acute attack of pancreatitis is commonly related to ____ and ____.

A

alcoholism, biliary tract disease

Chapter 9 Vascular (16 decks)

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