Ch 16 retroeritonem quiz

Question 1

The retroperitoneal space is the area between the:

a. Anterior portion of the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall muscles
b. Posterior portion of the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall muscles
c. Anterior portion of the parietal peritoneum and the anterior abdominal wall muscles
d. Posterior portion of the visceral peritoneum

Answer 1

B
The retroperitoneal space is the area between the posterior portion of the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall muscles. It extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis

Question 2

The adrenal glands and kidneys are contained in the:

a. Perirenal space
b. Anterior pararenal space
c. Retrofascial space
d. Posterior pararenal space

Answer 2

A

The perirenal space contains the adrenal gland and kidney in a variable amount of perinephric fat.

Question 3

All of the following structures are located in the retroperitoneum except the:

a. Kidney
b. Aorta
c. Psoas muscle
d. Spleen

Answer 3

D

The spleen is an intraperitoneal structure

Question 4

Adrenal hemorrhages are more common in:

a. Older adults
b. Young adults
c. Neonates
d. Toddlers

Answer 4

C
Adrenal hemorrhages are more common in neonates who experience a traumatic delivery with stress, asphyxia, and septicemia. Adrenal hemorrhages are rare in adults

Question 5

Para-aortic lymphadenopathy generally displaces the kidney:

a. Anteriorly
b. Posteriorly
c. Medially
d. Laterally

Answer 5

D

Para-aortic lymphadenopathy generally displaces the kidney laterally

Question 6

The length of the normal adult adrenal gland is usually smaller than:

a. 2 cm
b. 2 mm
c. 3 cm
d. 3 mm

Answer 6

C

The normal adult adrenal gland measures 3 to 6 cm in length, 3 to 6 mm in thickness, and 2 to 4 cm in width.

Question 7

Which one of the following is the most common cause of primary adrenal tumors?

a. Cyst
b. Adenoma
c. Carcinoma
d. Pheochromocytoma

Answer 7

B

The aorta or inferior vena cava may be anteriorly displaced by lymphadenopathy

Question 8

Which one of the following demonstrates an excessive secretion of epinephrine?

a. Adrenal cyst
b. Adrenal adenoma
c. Medulla tumor
d. Neuroblastoma

Answer 8

C

Tumors of the adrenal medulla secrete excessive amounts of epinephrine.

Question 9

Which one of the following syndromes is a result of excessive secretion of cortisol?

a. Conn
b. Addison
c. Cushing
d. Waterhouse-Friderichsen

Answer 9

C

Cushing syndrome is caused by excessive excretion of cortisol.

Question 10

What adrenal tumor demonstrates intermittent hypertension and severe headaches?

a. Neuroblastoma
b. Adenoma
c. Myolipoma
d. Pheochromocytoma

Answer 10

D
A pheochromocytoma is a benign adrenal tumor that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine in excessive quantities. Clinical symptoms include intermittent hypertension, severe headaches, heart palpitations, and excessive perspiration.

Question 11

The most common adrenal tumor in infancy is the:

a. Adenoma
b. Pheochromocytoma
c. Neuroblastoma

Answer 11

C
The neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy of the adrenal glands in children and the most common tumor in infancy, representing 30% of all neonatal tumors.

Question 12

The most common primary retroperitoneal tumor is:

a. Lymphoma
b. Fibrosarcoma
c. Germ cell tumor
d. Leiomyosarcoma

Answer 12

A

Lymphoma is the most common primary retroperitoneal tumor, followed by leiomyosarcoma

Question 13

An urinoma may be defined as a:

a. Walled-off collection of extravasated urine
b. Lymph-filled space without a distinct epithelial lining
c. Heterogeneous irregular mass
d. Cystic space anterior to the aorta

Answer 13

A
A urinoma is a walled-off collection of extravasated urine that spontaneously develops after trauma, surgery, or a subacute or chronic urinary tract obstruction

Question 14

The “sandwich” sign represents:

a. Complex appearance of adrenal hemorrhage
b. Enlarged lymph nodes anterior and posterior to the mesenteric vessels
c. Enlarged lymph nodes in the renal hilar area
d. Image of the left adrenal gland between the crus of the diaphragm and the left kidney

Answer 14

B

The “sandwich” sign represents enlarged lymph nodes (or tumor) anterior and posterior to the mesenteric vessels

Question 15

Which one of the following muscles lie posterior to the kidneys?

a. Psoas and iliopsoas
b. Psoas and quadratus lumborum
c. Obturator internus and piriformis
d. Iliopsoas and levator ani

Answer 15

B

The kidney is anterolateral to the psoas muscle and anterior to the quadratus lumborum

Question 16

The left adrenal glands lie lateral to the:

a. Crus of the diaphragm
b. Tail of the pancreas
c. Stomach

Answer 16

A

The left adrenal gland lies lateral and slightly posterolateral to the aorta and lateral to the crus of the diaphragm.

Question 17

. The area between the bladder and rectum is called the _____________ space

a. Rectovesical
b. Presacral
c. Bilateral pararectal
d. Iliac

Answer 17

A

The rectovesical space is located between the bladder and the rectum.

Question 18

Which one of the following syndromes demonstrates a decrease in adrenal function?

a. Adrenogenital
b. Addison

Answer 18

: B
Addison syndrome is characterized by atrophy of the adrenal cortex with decreased production of cortisol and sometimes aldosterone.

Question 19

The right adrenal gland lies posterior to the:

a. Crus of the diaphragm
b. IVC
c. Right kidney
d. Liver

Answer 19

B
The medial portion of the right adrenal gland is immediately posterior to the IVC (above the level of the portal vein and lateral to the crus of the diaphragm).

Question 20

Which one of the following structures is not located in the anterior pararenal space?

a. Duodenal sweep
b. Adrenal glands
c. Ascending colon
d. Pancreas

Answer 20

B

The adrenal gland is located in the perirenal space.

Question 21

Which one of the following statements about the adrenal medulla is true?

a. The medulla is the outer portion of the adrenal gland.
b. The medulla secretes a large range of steroids.
c. The medulla is not essential to life.
d. The medulla secretes estrogen.

Answer 21

C
The medulla of the adrenal gland is not essential to life and can be removed surgically without causing untreatable damage.

Question 22

Which one of the following statements describes adrenal cysts?

a. Male patients are affected more than female patients.
b. Patients are typically asymptomatic.
c. Adrenal cysts are a common finding.
d. Adrenal cysts are usually bilateral.

Answer 22

B
Adrenal cysts are uncommon, typically unilateral lesions that affect female patients more than male patients (3:1). Adrenal cysts generally produce no clinical symptoms

Question 23

Excessive secretion of aldosterone occurs in ____________ syndrome.

a. Addison
b. Cushing
c. Waterhouse-Friderichsen
d. Conn

Answer 23

: D

Conn syndrome is caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone.

Question 24

Metastases to the adrenal gland are most commonly caused by primary carcinoma of the __________, __________, and __________.

a. Breast; liver; kidney
b. Lung; breast; stomach
c. Lung; breast; liver
d. Kidney; colon; liver

Answer 24

B
Metastases to the adrenal gland are most commonly caused by primary carcinoma of the lung (33%), breast (30%), stomach, colon, and kidney.

Question 25

Adrenal insufficiency is typically caused by:

a. Adrenal adenoma
b. Adrenal cyst
c. Lymphadenopathy
d. Metastatic lesions

Answer 25

: D

Metastases to the adrenal gland typically cause adrenal insufficiency.