Ch 15 spleen Flashcards
Results from the failure of fusion of seperate splenic masses forming on the dorsal mesogastrium; most commonly found in the splenic hilum or along the splenic vessels or associated ligament
accessory spleen
One of the ligaments between the stomach and spleen that helps to hold the spleen in place
gastrosplenic ligament
With in the peritoneal cavity
intraperitoneal
Left upper quadrant of the abdomen that contains the left lobe of the liver, spleen and stomach
left hypochondrium
Ligament between the spleen and kidney that helps support the greater curvature of the stomach
lienorenal ligament
Alkaline fluid found in the lymphatic vessels
lymph
Ligament between the spleen and the splenic flexure of the colon
phrenocolic ligament
Condition where there is more than one spleen
polysplenia
Certain phagocytic cells (found in the liver and spleen) make up the reticuloendothelial system (RES); plays a role in the synthesis of blood proteins and hematopoiesis
reticuloendothelial
Complete absence of the spleen
splenic agenesis
Branch of the celiac axis; tortuous course toward the spleen; serves as the superior border of the pancreas
splenic artery
Located in the middle of the spleen; site where vessels and lymph nodes enter and exit the spleen
splenic hilum
Leaves the splenic hilum, travels transversely through the upper abdomen to join with the superior mesenteric vein to form the main portal vein; serves as the posterior medial border of the pancreas
splenic vein
Spleen that has migrated from its normal location in the left upper quadrant
wandering spleen
Process by which the spleen removes abnormal red blood cells as they pass through
culling
Red blood cell
erythrocyte
Blood cell production
hematopoiesis
Oxygen-binding protein found in red blood cells
hemoglobin
Pigment released from hemoglobin process
hemosiderin
Abnormal decrease of white blood corpuscles; may be drug induced
leukopenia
Follicles in the white pulp of the spleen, containing many lymphocytes
malpighian corpuscles
Process by which the red pulp destroys the degenerating red blood cells
phagocytosis
Process by which the spleen removes nuclei from blood cells without destroying the erythrocytes
pitting
Consists of reticular cells and fibers (cords of Billroth); surrounds the splenic sinuses
red pulp
Long irregular channels lined by endothelial cells or flattened reticular cells
splenic sinuses
Defend the body by destroying invading microorganisms and their toxins
white blood cells
Consists of lymphatic tissue and lymphatic follicles
white pulp
Metabolic disorder marked by amyloid deposits in organs and tissue
amyloidosis
Anemia caused by antibodies produced by the patient’s own immune system
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
One of the storage diseases in which fat and proteins are deposited abnormally
Gaucher’s disease
Anemia resulting from hemolysis of red blood cells
hemolytic anemia
Malignant diseases that involves lymphoid tissue
Hodgkin disease
Interruption in the blood supply to area that may lead to necrosis of the area
infarction
Acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus that most commonly affects teenagers and young adults; symptoms include fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, abnormal lymphocysts, and hepatosplenomegaly
mononucleosis
Malignant disease of lymphoid tissue seen in increased frequency in individuals more than 50 years of age
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Excess of red blood cells
polycythemia
Chronic, life shortening condition of unknown cause involving bone marrow elements; characterized by increase in red blood cell mass and hemoglobin concentration
polycythemia vera
Inherited disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait that causes an abnormality of the globin genes in hemoglobin
sickle cell anemia
Condition in sickle cell anemia in which the sickled cells interfere with oxygen transport, obstruct capillary blood flow, and cause fever and severe pain in the joints and abdomen
sickle cell crisis
Hereditary condition in which erythrocytes assume a spheroid shape
spherocytosis
enlargement of spleen
splenomegaly
Group of hereditary anemias occurring in Asian and Mediterranean populations
thalassemia
The spleen is part of the reticuloendothhelial system and is the largest single mass of _____ tissue in the body
lympoid
The spleen is a ______ organ, covered with peritoneum over its entire extent except for a small area at its hilum, where the vascular structures and lymph nodes are located.
intraperitoneal
The spleen is normally measured with ultrasound on a longitudinal image from the _____ margin to the ______ margin at the long axis
upper, inferior
__________ may occur as part of asplenic or polysplenia syndromes in association with complex cardiac malformations, bronchopulmonary abnormalities, or visceral heterataxis
Splenic agenesis
A ________ is usually found near the hilum or inferior border of the spleen but has been reported elsewhere in the abdominal cavity.
accessory spleen
The _____ indicates the percentage of red blood cells per volume of blood
hematocrit
The term ____ indicates bacteria in the bloodstream
sepis
The increase in the number of white blood cell present in the blood that is a typical finding of infection is called_____
leukocytosis
Sonographically, the splenic parenchyma should have a fine homogeneous ______, as is seen within the liver parenchyma
low-level echo pattern
Systemic venous congestion is found in cardiac decompensation involving the right ____ side of the heart
right
In infants and children in crisis, the earlier stage of ______, the spleen is enlarged with marked congestion of the red pulp
sickle cell anemia
Patients with hepatosplenic ______ may show irregular masses within the spleen, the “wheels-within-wheels” pattern, with the outer wheel representing the ring of fibrosis surrounding the inner echogrenic wheel of inflammatory cells and a central hypoechoic area
candidiasis
If the patient has severe left upper quadrant pain secondary to trauma, a splenic ______ or a ______ hematoma should be considered
hematoma,subcapsular
