Ch 9Vacsular Flashcards
The portal veins carry blood from the ______________ to the liver.
a. Hepatic artery
b. Intestinal tract
c. Splenic artery
d. Peripheral venous system
ANS: B
The portal veins carry blood from the intestinal tract to the liver by means of its two main branches (right and left portal veins).
The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via the:
a. Hepatic artery
b. Superior mesenteric artery
c. Cystic artery
d. Gastroduodenal artery
ANS: C
The right hepatic artery supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery
The portal venous system receives blood from all of the following except the:
a. Gallbladder
b. Pancreas
c. Spleen
d. Kidneys
ANS: D
The portal venous system receives blood form the gastrointestinal tract, from the lower end of the esophagus to the upper end of the anal canal, and from the pancreas, gallbladder, bile ducts, and spleen
What vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
a. Superior mesenteric artery
b. Superior mesenteric vein
c. Inferior mesenteric vein
ANS: B
The superior mesenteric vein passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas, where it joins the splenic vein to form the main portal vein.
The duodenum and parts of the stomach are supplied by the:
a. Hepatic artery
b. Gastroduodenal artery
c. Splenic artery
d. Superior mesenteric artery
ANS: B
The gastroduodenal artery (GDA) supplies the duodenum and parts of the stomach and pancreas. Remember that the GDA is located in the anterolateral portion of the pancreatic head
Which one of the following vessels passes anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?
a. Hepatic artery
b. Portal vein
c. Left renal vein
d. Superior mesenteric artery
ANS: D
The superior mesenteric artery courses posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process
The distribution of the superior mesenteric artery is to the:
a. Distal half of colon and the liver
b. Proximal half of colon and the small intestines
c. Small intestine and the proximal half of colon
d. Large intestine and the distal half of colon
ANS: B
The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) distributes blood to the proximal half of the colon (cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon) and the small intestines.
Which one of the following veins begins at the hilum of the spleen and is joined by the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vein?
a. Pancreatic
b. Portal
c. Superior mesenteric
d. Splenic
ANS: D
The splenic vein begins at the hilum of the spleen. It is subsequently joined by the short gastric and left gastroepiploic veins.
Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
a. The portal vein enters the lesser omentum.
b. The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.
c. The portal vein drains blood out of the gastrointestinal tract.
d. The portal vein has an anastomosis with the esophageal veins, rectal venous plexus, and superficial abdominal veins.
ANS: B
The main portal vein is formed posterior to the pancreas
The normal diameter of the aorta is less than ____millimeters (mm).
a. 2
b. 4
c. 10
d. 23
ANS: D
The diameter of the abdominal aorta measures less than 23 mm in men and 19 mm in women, with gradual tapering to 10 to 15 mm after it proceeds inferiorly to the bifurcation into the common iliac arteries
Budd-Chiari syndrome demonstrates thrombosis of the:
a. Hepatic veins
b. Hepatic arteries
c. Portal veins
d. Inferior vena cava (IVC)
ANS: A
Budd-Chiari syndrome demonstrates thrombosis of the hepatic veins. Budd-Chiari syndrome is rare, and 30% of patients with this syndrome are idiopathic. The presence of a “typical” blood flow in the hepatic veins permits the exclusion of Budd-Chiari syndrome.
The inferior mesenteric artery distributes blood to the:
a. Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum
b. Ascending colon, sigmoid, and rectum
c. Descending colon
d. Ascending colon and rectum
ANS: A
The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) distributes blood to the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. The IMA has three main branches: left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal arteries. These branches supply the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
The right renal artery passes_____ to the inferior vena cava (IVC).
a. Anterior
b. Posterior
c. Lateral
d. Medial
ANS: B
The vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta is the:
a. Hepatic artery
b. Renal artery
c. Superior mesenteric artery
d. Inferior mesenteric artery
ANS: C
The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the celiac axis arise from the anterior aortic wall; of these, only the SMA takes a parallel course to the aorta.
. Which one of the following vascular structures courses between the aorta and SMA?
a. Left renal vein
b. Celiac trunk
c. Gastroduodenal artery
ANS: A
The left renal vein flows from the renal hilum, posterior to the SMA, and anterior to the aorta to enter the lateral wall of the IVC
. Renal arteries branch from the lateral wall of the aorta:
a. At the level of L4
b. Superior to the SMA
c. Superior to the hepatic arteries
d. Inferior to the SMA
ANS: D
Renal arteries arise just inferior to the SMA at the level of the first lumbar vertebra.
The IVC courses anteriorly to enter the:
a. Right ventricle
b. Left atrium
c. Right coronary sinus
d. Right atrium
ANS: D
The IVC ascends vertically through the retroperitoneal space on the right side of the aorta, posterior to the liver, and pierces the central tendon of the diaphragm at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra to enter the right atrium of the heart.
Which vascular structure is used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk?
a. Common bile duct
b. Common hepatic artery
c. Superior mesenteric artery
d. Gastroduodenal artery
ANS: C
The superior mesenteric artery may be used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk.
Which one of the following vascular structures relates to the medial and posterior borders or to the pancreatic body and tail?
a. Splenic artery
b. Hepatic artery
c. Superior mesenteric artery
d. Splenic vein
ANS: D
The splenic vein passes anteriorly to the aorta and IVC and generally relates to the medial and posterior borders of the pancreatic body and tail
The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the:
a. Common hepatic artery
b. Left gastric artery
c. Splenic artery
d. Superior mesenteric artery
ANS: A
The common hepatic artery branches into the gastroduodenal artery and the proper hepatic artery.
The most common cause of abdominal aneurysms is:
a. Cystic medial necrosis
b. Syphilis
c. Atheroma
d. Arteriosclerosis
ANS: D
Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are the most common causes of abdominal aneurysms.
In patients with lower trunk and leg edema and a dilated IVC, a(n) _______________ should be suspected.
a. Rupture
b. Atrioventricular fistula
c. Retroperitoneal tumor
d. Infection
ANS: B
The development of an atrioventricular fistula may demonstrate clinical symptoms, including low back pain, abdominal pain, progressive cardiac decompensation, a pulsatile abdominal mass associated with a bruit, and the development of massive swelling of the lower trunk and lower extremities.
The most common tumor to fill the IVC is:
a. Islet cell carcinoma
b. Renal cell carcinoma
c. Venous angioma
d. Nephroma
ANS: B
The most common IVC tumor is caused by renal cell carcinoma
The clinical signs of leg edema, low back pain, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal complaints, and renal and liver problems may represent:
a. Abdominal rupture
b. Superior mesenteric thrombus
c. Retroperitoneal tumor
d. IVC thrombosis
ANS: D
Which one of the following statements is false for a patient with renal vein thrombosis?
a. Direct visualization of thrombi in the renal vein and IVC is possible.
b. Loss of normal renal structure occurs.
c. Renal size increases in the acute phase.
d. Doppler flow increases.
ANS: D
Renal vein thrombosis demonstrates a decrease in blood flow or possibly no flow.
