ch10

Question 1

Nerves that carry out the plans made by the CNS; efferent nerves

Answer 1

Motor nerves

Question 2

Part of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal chord

Answer 2

Central Nervous System

Question 3

Nerves that gather information from the environment and carry it to the CNS; afferent nerves

Answer 3

Sensory Nerves

Question 4

Part of the nervous system consisting of nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord with the rest of the body

Answer 4

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 5

The processing and interpretation of information by the cells of the CNS; the decision-making capability

Answer 5

Integrative Function

Question 6

Common type of glial cell that supports and protects the neurons; helps form the blood barrier

Answer 6

Astrocyte

Question 7

Nerve tissue that is called nerve glue; composed of astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells

Answer 7

Neuroglia (glia)

Question 8

Nerve cells that transmit information as electrical signals

Answer 8

Neurons

Question 9

Type of glial cell that lines the inside cavities of the brain; helps form the cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 9

Ependymal cell

Question 10

Glial cells that engage in phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged tissue

Answer 10

Microglia

Question 11

Glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 11

Schwann Cells

Question 12

Clusters of cell bodies located within the CNS

Answer 12

Nuclei

Question 13

Clusters of cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 13

Ganglia

Question 14

Part of the neuron that transmits information away from the cell body

Answer 14

Axon

Question 15

Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus; dendrites bring information to this structure, the axon carries information away from this structure

Answer 15

Cell body

Question 16

White fatty material that surrounds the axon; increases the rate at which the electrical signal travels along the axon; makes white matter white

Answer 16

Myelin sheath

Question 17

Short segments of the axonal membrane that are not covered by the myelin sheath; allows for saltatory conduction of the nerve impulse

Answer 17

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 18

Part of the axon where the neurotransmitters are stored

Answer 18

Axon terminal

Question 19

Treelike part of the neurotransmitter that receives information from another neuron; transmits that info toward the cell body

Answer 19

Dendrites

Question 20

Layer of cells that covers the axons of the peripheral neurons; concerned with cell regeneration

Answer 20

Neurilemma

Question 21

Common neurotransmitter

Answer 21

Acetlycholine (ACh)

Question 22

The inside of the neuron becomes positively charged; the first phase of the action potential caused by an inward movement of sodium

Answer 22

Depolarization

Question 23

The inside of the unstimulated neuron is negative; electrical charge is caused by the outward leak of potassium

Answer 23

Resting membrane potential (RMP)

Question 24

The depolarized neuron returns to the resting state; the second phase of the action potential that is caused by the outward movement of potassium

Answer 24

Repolarization

Question 25

The changes in electrical charge across the membrane during depolarization and repolarization; also called the nerve impulse

Answer 25

Action potential