ch10 Flashcards
Nerves that carry out the plans made by the CNS; efferent nerves
Motor nerves
Part of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal chord
Central Nervous System
Nerves that gather information from the environment and carry it to the CNS; afferent nerves
Sensory Nerves
Part of the nervous system consisting of nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord with the rest of the body
Peripheral Nervous System
The processing and interpretation of information by the cells of the CNS; the decision-making capability
Integrative Function
Common type of glial cell that supports and protects the neurons; helps form the blood barrier
Astrocyte
Nerve tissue that is called nerve glue; composed of astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells
Neuroglia (glia)
Nerve cells that transmit information as electrical signals
Neurons
Type of glial cell that lines the inside cavities of the brain; helps form the cerebrospinal fluid
Ependymal cell
Glial cells that engage in phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged tissue
Microglia
Glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system
Schwann Cells
Clusters of cell bodies located within the CNS
Nuclei
Clusters of cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system
Ganglia
Part of the neuron that transmits information away from the cell body
Axon
Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus; dendrites bring information to this structure, the axon carries information away from this structure
Cell body
White fatty material that surrounds the axon; increases the rate at which the electrical signal travels along the axon; makes white matter white
Myelin sheath
Short segments of the axonal membrane that are not covered by the myelin sheath; allows for saltatory conduction of the nerve impulse
Nodes of Ranvier
Part of the axon where the neurotransmitters are stored
Axon terminal
Treelike part of the neurotransmitter that receives information from another neuron; transmits that info toward the cell body
Dendrites
Layer of cells that covers the axons of the peripheral neurons; concerned with cell regeneration
Neurilemma
Common neurotransmitter
Acetlycholine (ACh)
The inside of the neuron becomes positively charged; the first phase of the action potential caused by an inward movement of sodium
Depolarization
The inside of the unstimulated neuron is negative; electrical charge is caused by the outward leak of potassium
Resting membrane potential (RMP)
The depolarized neuron returns to the resting state; the second phase of the action potential that is caused by the outward movement of potassium
Repolarization
The changes in electrical charge across the membrane during depolarization and repolarization; also called the nerve impulse
Action potential
