Ch. Twenty-Three: Microbial Diseases of CV and Lymphatic

Question 1

Septicema

Answer 1

• bacteria or toxins
• most causes are nosocomial eg. catheter, surgery, wounds
• fever (chills), lymphangitis, rapid breathing, shock
• organisms: Pseudomonas, Entercoccus

Question 2

Sepsis

Answer 2

• ongoing
• SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Puerperal sepsis: abdominal cavity, start in uterus

• nosocomial infection
• by S. pyogenes
• death of mother

Question 3

Rheumatic Fever

Answer 3

• if Strept throat goes untreated
• destroy heart tissue:
• septicema in heart, inflammation of heart valves
• fever (chills)
• arthritis = nodules
• chest pain, murmur, chest palpations, heart attack

Question 4

Septic Shock

Answer 4

fever, chills, increased heart rate, lymphangitis

- transmission: injections or catheterization

Question 5

Anthrax

Answer 5

3 exotoxins:

1. Protective antigen: entry into the cell
2. Lethal toxin: destroy phagocytes
3. Edema toxin: swelling/inflammation and interferes with phagocytosis

3 forms of Anthrax:

1. G.I. Tract
   - animals (septicemia)- meat- human (nausea, abdominal pain, septicemia, hemorrhaging, blood in diarrhea)
2. Cutaneous
   - endospores enters through minor cut- forms lesions- Eschar- can become septicemic
3. Inhalation (pulmonary)
   - endospores enter respiratory route- chest pain, breathing, septicemia
   - 100% mortality if not treated early with antibiotics
   - surviors are disabled
   - 6 doses (vaccine) over 18 months- titer- repeat
   - ciprofloxacin

Question 6

Gangrene

Answer 6

• destruction of tissue
• exotoxin: alpha-toxin: destory blood supply = Necrosis
  symptoms:
• fever, abrupt pain,
• skin blackens: Hydluronidase and Collagenase
• swelling: due to gases (C02 and H2)
• fluid oozing: RBCs
• foul odour, noises (from degrading tissue)
  treatment:
• amputation, surgical removal, deep cleaning in wounds, surgery, fractures, and abortions

Question 7

Spotted Fever

Answer 7

• fever and rash on palms and sole

no rash on palms and soles from viral infections

Question 8

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Answer 8

• HHSV-4
• EBV/ B-cell:
  1. Productive: lyctic and kill B-cells
  2. Non-productive: persistant/latent- abnormal b-cells, lymphoma

Question 9

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Answer 9

• extreme muscle fatigue, memory loss, swollen lymph nodes

- positive EBV antibodies

Question 10

Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Answer 10

• southeast asia

Question 11

Mononucleosis

Answer 11

• can become chronic fatigue later in life
• saliva
• incubation is 30-60 days
• fever, sore throat WITH PUS, extreme muscle fatigue, enlarged spleen (rare but death if ruptured), swollen lymph nodes

Question 12

Malaria

Answer 12

• Plasmodium vivax (most prevalent form): spread through mosquito/ Anopheles
• Anopheles = definitive host (sexual reproduction)
• Human = intermediate host (asexual)
  symptoms: Paroxysms
• cold phase, hot phase, wet phase, and repeat: fever (39-40), muscle aches, headaches, sometimes vomiting, anemia, enlarged liver and spleen
  treatment:
• Quinine products or bed nets
  reproductive cycle:
  1. bite of mosquito which carries sporazoite stage of Plasmodium in its saliva
  2. sporozite enters blood and then liver cells, multiply
  3. merozoite forms into bloodstream
  4. infect RBCS and RBCs multiply and rupture releases more merozoites
  4. form male and female gametes- enter digestive tract, zygote in mosquito