Ch. Twenty-Five: Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Dental Caries
A
- S. mutans- sucrose- glucose ( glucan- plaque) and fructose (organic acids)
- yellowish colour, increase sensitivity, break into small pieces
2
Q
Peridontal Disease
A
Gingivitus: bleeding gums - S. mutans, Fusobacteria and Bacteriodales - floss and burshing Peridontitis: pus - progresses toward the root tips - surgically remove/ root canal - loosen of the tooth = complete loss - Bacteriodes: Porphyromonas gingivalis
3
Q
Gastroenteritis
A
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or dysentry or constipation, sometimes fever, and bowel movement changes
- prevention: hot foods keep hot, cool foods, keep cool
- treatment: Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT), and antiboitics
4
Q
Food Posioning
A
- S. aures
- superantigen
- time period: 1-6 hrs
- food handler (nasal passages and skin lesions); food (protein-rich); and cross-contamination (cutting board)
5
Q
Shigelliosis
A
- S. dystenteriae
- Shiga toxin (infection)
- fecal/ oral route
- day cares
- causes dysentry and 20-24 bowel movements per day = dehydration
- treatment: ORT then FQs
- grows in small intestine then large intestine and leaves a scar (abscess)
6
Q
Salmonella
A
- S. enterica
- mild fever, severe dehydration
- treat with ORT
- comes from food (animal mediated)
7
Q
V. cholera
A
- fecal/oral route
- Vibrio toxin (exotosin)
- creates little pumps (cAMP)
- profuse diarrhea, 12-20lt. loss (50% of weight loss), collapse, shock, kidney failure, and death
- treat with ORT: decrease 50% chance of death, and Tetracyclin
8
Q
E. coli
A
5 Forms:
- EETC (enterotoxigenic)
- traveller’s diarrhea (60-65% of cases) - EAEC (enteroaggregative)
- brick-like appearance (33-40%) - EIEC (enteroinvasive)
- sevree dysentry (shiga-like), inflammation of large intestine - EPEC (enterpathogenic)
- newborns, bottle fed (mother’s antibodies not recieved)
- chronic diarrhea
- no IgA - EHEC (enterohemorrhages)
- dysentry (worse than EIEC), Hemolytic Uremic Syndrom (HUS)
- hamburger meat, cider
- attacks kidneys
9
Q
H. pylori
A
- exotoxin: inhibits acid production
- peri- flagella
- enzyme: destroys phagocytes
- enzyme urease: converts urea to ammonium = alkaline environment
- symptoms: belching- eroding stomach cells = ulcer
- 95% have bacteria
- diagnosis: 30 min. urea breath test- radioactive urea, breath anaylsis
- treatment: Metronidazole
10
Q
C. difficile
A
- endospores: hospital- stick and spread
- exotoxin A-B: causes pseudomembranous colitis, epithelial cells slough off causing ongoing diarrhea
- in children, can last for six months in 1/3 cases
- nosocomial: prolonged antibiotic usage (FQs)
- Hydluronidase
- diagnosis: stool culture
- treatment: ORT and Metronidazole
11
Q
Mumps
A
- contagious, 14-21 day incubation period
- no antivirals
- prevention: MMR vaccine
- reproduce in salivary/parotid glands
- enters saliva, viremia, urine after 3-5 days
- symptoms: fever, loss of apeite (anorexia), difficulty to chew and talk, headaches, inflammation of testes called orchitis and inflammation of ovaries causing pelvic pain, encephalitis, meningitis, death
- survivors: deafness
12
Q
Cytomegalovirus infections (CMV) or HHSV-5
A
- spread through saliva, sexually
- invasion: T-lymphocytes, become latent and new
- chronic infections: cyto-megaly (2-3x bigger), abnormal T-cells, CMV retinitis= congenital transfer (deafness and retardation)
- eg. HIV- blindness in later stage
13
Q
Hep A (infectious)
A
- fecal/oral route
- causes jaundice
- Hep A vaccine
- no chronic liver failure
14
Q
Hep B (serum)
A
3 forms of particles:
- Dane particle (complete form)- infectious
- spread through blood or semen
2 forms of disease:
- acute: 85%- treat with 3-TC or Lamivudine
- chronic: 15%- chronic disease, liver failure
- recombinant vaccine (yeast + capsid)
15
Q
Hep C (transfusion)
A
- spread through semen, blood
- 2 forms: acute and chronic (15%): causes severe liver cirhosis (need transplant)
- drug: Ribavirin + Interferone
- NO vaccine
