Ch. Twenty-Four: Microbial Diseases of Resp. System

Question 1

Streptococcus pharyngitis

Answer 1

• strep throat
  symptoms:
• fever (mild), pain, red, swelling, yellowish discharge (exudate)
• M protein, produce exoenzymes- streptokinases and streptolysins

Question 2

Scarlett Fever

Answer 2

• “sequel to pharyngitis”
• symptoms: high fever, red skin rash, tongue is red, papillae have growth, kids cheeks are red, SSS
• produces: Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin (SPE)
  or Erythrogenic exotoxin

Question 3

Otitis Media

Answer 3

• nasopharyngeal - from influenza or cold- into ear from Eustachian tube
• contaminated water ex. pool
• symptoms: pus, extreme pain, bacteria increases and viruses decreases, experience vomiting
• microbes: S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, S. pyogenes, S. aurea
• treat with antiboitic

Question 4

Diphtheria

Answer 4

A-B toxin

• shuts down protein synthesis
• symptoms: mild fever, fatigue, sore throat, swelling at neck, oozing of fluid, fluid thickens, forms pseudomembrane, suffocate and death
• treatment: surgery (take membrane off), antibiotics, tracheostamy (opens airway)
• precatuion: DTP

Cutaneous form

• forms ulcer
• become septicemic
• over age of 30, substance abuse, low SDOH

Question 5

Pertussis

Answer 5

• exotoxin: Tracheal cytotoxin + endotoxin = death of cells
• secretes nitrous oxide
• mucous accumulation
• cough
• prevention: DTaP (boosters) aceeular Pertussis cell fragments
• stages:
  1st Catarrhal: fever, common cold (2-3 weeks)
  2nd Peroxymal: violent coughing, whoop sound, broken ribs, blood shot eyes, hemorrhages in brain, seizures, and epilepsy
  3rd Convalescence: recovery is 4-6 weeks

Question 6

Tuberculosis

Answer 6

• mycolic acid
  healthy individual: BCG vaccine
• defeat tubercle bacillus- phagocytes- ingest- no symptoms
  partial failure:
• bacilli surrounded- form a lesion- a “tubercle” called GHON complex
• may become arrested and lesions become calcified
• latent TB
  total failure: Miliary form
• tubercle breaks open and bacilli roam around into CV/airways/lymphatic
• consumption
• weight loss, blood with cough, fatigue
• recativated TB
• HIV or COPD patents

treatment: 9months to treat
- acid fast stain of sputum
- culture (4-6 weeks)
- treatment with Isoniazid and Ethambutol (against mycolic acid)
- Pyrizinamide (protect against resistance)
- Streptomycin
- Rifampin

Question 7

Typical Pneumonia

Answer 7

• S. pneumoniae
• pneumococcal pneumonia
• has a capsule (23 have vaccines)
• high fever, chest pain, breathing difficulty, and rust-coloured sputum
• invade bloodstream, pleural cavity and meningies

Question 8

Atypical Pneumonia

Answer 8

- slower onset, fever, and chest pain
H. influenzae
M. pneumonia:
- walking pneumonia
- severe fatigues and otitis media
- 19-24 year olds
- Tetracyclin
Legionellosis:
- milder form/ Pontiac fever
- fatal form/ Legionairres disease
- highe fever, cough, diarrhea, kidney, liver, confusion and delirium, death
- Erythromycin and FQ's 
Q-fever

Question 9

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Answer 9

• found in infants and elderly
• causes cell fusion
• very contagious
• coughing, wheezing, bronchiolitis
• escapes immune system, treat with Ribavirin
• Serological test

Question 10

Influenza (Flu)

Answer 10

• no intestinal problems
• HA (recognize and attach to body- RBCs) and NA spikes (help virus separate from infected cell)
• Antigenic drift: small, 1 nucleotide mutation; annual strains
• Antigenic shift: major, abrupt nucleotide mutation; epidemic or Pademic