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Microbiology > Ch. 11: Prokaryotes > Flashcards

Ch. 11: Prokaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Alphaproteobacteria

A

Ricksettia rickettsii

  • spread by insects or tics
  • all parasites
  • rod or coccobaccilus
  • aerobic
  • damage: CV system permeability and valve damage
  • results: spotted fever
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2
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A
  • rods
  • aerobic
  • capsules
  • causes whopping cough
  • betaprotebacteria
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3
Q

Nisseria

A
  • aerobic, cocci
  • have capsule and fimbria(e)
  • N. gonorrhea and N. meningitis
    betaproteobacteria
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4
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • aerobic, rods, flagella (mono or lopho)
  • produce pigment: blue-green in colour
  • grow on: burns, wounds, and abscesses
  • grow in: antiseptics (Quats), antibiotics, pharmaceutical supplies
  • cause: septicemia, UTI, meningitis, and conjunctivitis
  • psychotrophs
  • passed through flowers
    • Pseudomonadales (gammaproteobacteria)
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5
Q

Moraxella lacunate

A
  • aerobic and coccobaccillus

- cause conjunctivitis

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6
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A
  • causes: Legionnaires (fatal) and Pontiac fever (mild)
  • rods and aerobic
  • spread: always through water
  • found in: AC units, supply lines, fountains, and showerhead
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7
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A
  • causes Q-fever
  • has endospores
  • rods, aerobic and parasites
  • spread: milk, animals (urinary and feces)
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8
Q

Vibrio

A
  • aerobic/facultative anaerobic
  • spiral/ curved rod
  • polar flagella
  • V. cholerae (profuse and water diarrhea)
  • spread through fees/urine (air)
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9
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A
  • microaerophilic vibrios
  • one polar flagellum
  • causes gastroenteritis
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10
Q

Heliobacter pylori

A
  • microaerophilic vibrios
  • peritrichous flagella
  • causes peptic ulcers in humans and a cause of stomach cancer
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11
Q

Escherichia coli

A
  • inhabitants intestinal tract
  • lab pet
  • agencies: measure number of coliform
  • cause UTIs and certain strains of entertoxins and serious food borne disease, traveller’s diarrhea
  • facultative anaerobic rods
  • peritrichious flagella
  • pili and fimbrie
  • enterobacteriale
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12
Q

Salmonella

A
  • pathogenic
  • facultative anaerobic rods
  • peritrichious flagella
  • fimbrie and pili
  • salmonella enterica (cause food related infections: gastroenteritis) ANIMAL SOURCE
  • salmonella typhi (cause Typhoid fever) NEVER ANIMAL SOURCE
  • enterobacteriale
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13
Q

Pasteruella

A

Haemophilus influenza:

  • blood loving
  • aerobic coccobaccilli
  • missing cytochrome for ETC (factor X)
  • missing co-enzyme NAD (factor V)
  • causes meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis
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14
Q

Chlamydiae

A

Chlamydiae trachomatis:

  • causes Trachoma: blindness (non-traumatic), Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
  • coccobacilli
  • aerobic
  • parasites (genital regions)
  • spread: interpersonal contact- sexual, fomites, or air
  • life cycle: elementary body (enters host), binary fusion and becomes reticulate body (divides and matures), cycles back to elementary body
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15
Q

Bacteriodetes

A
  • rods
  • anaerobes
  • cause gingivitis and eventually loss of tooth
  • cause peritonitis: inflammation from a perforated bowel
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16
Q

Fusobacteria

A
  • anaerobes
  • long slender rods (pointed ends)
  • gingivitis
17
Q

Spirochaetes

A
  • axial filaments
  • spiral
  • found in: human oral cavity, saliva and tooth scrapings
  • can not grow in vitro: growth is always in viro (in a body)
  • Treponema pallidum: causes syphilis
18
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

A
  • due to Shigaton
  • cause dysentery: shock and death
  • facultative anaerobic rod
  • pili, fimbriea, peritrichious flagella
  • enteriobacteriales
19
Q

Clostridales

A
  • causes: tetanus, botulism, gangrene, colitis
  • all anaerobic rods
  • have endospores (lollipop/swelling)
  • abundant in soil
20
Q

Bacillales

A
  1. Bacillus anthracis:
    - anaerobic rods/ facultative
    - endospores (no swelling/lollipop)
    - abundant in soil
    - causes Anthrax, used as bioweapon
  2. Staphylococcus aureus:
    - cocci/clusters.golden
    - facultative anaerobic
    - causes: skin infections, TSS, food poisoning
21
Q

Lactobacillus sp.

A
  • rods
  • aerotolerant anaerobes
  • commercial use: fermentation
  • hospital: in women’s health
    1. puberty: increases in number in vagina for sterility (due to acidic pH- ferment glycogen)
    2. pregnancy: number increases- first contact of newborn (predominant organism, builds own immune system)
22
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

b-hemolytic

A
  • cocci in chains
  • aertolerantt anaerobes
  • grow in blood agar “clear zone”
  • B-hemolysis
  • cause: strep throat, Rheumatic fever or Scarlet fever, skin infections (flesh eating disease)
  • has M-protein
  • Lactobacillales
23
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A
  • exception: is in pairs- Diplo
  • aertolerant anaerobes
  • can grow in blood agar “green zone”
  • alpha- hemolytic (turnsHb into methHb)
  • possess capsule
  • causes pneumonia and meningitis
  • Lactobacillales
24
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • rod
  • facultative anaerobic
  • psychotrophs
    grows in monocytes/macrophages
  • move one infected to another
  • human:
    1. immunosuppressed- goes into CNA and causes meningitis
    2. pregnant women- fetus and causes miscarriage, still birth, or very ill
  • Lactobacillales
25
Q

Enterococcus facealis

A
  • cocci
  • facultative anaerobic
  • hardy
  • spread: contaminated hands, air, or bedding
  • cause: contamination in catheter- septicemia- which can enter: heart and cause endocarditis or as a UTI
  • Lactobacillales
26
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A
  • no cell wall
  • has sterols in plasma membrane
  • pleomorphic “fried egg”
  • culture: provide sterols
  • very pliable (lab contamination)
  • cannot use penicillin as treatment: use Tetracycline
  • causes: walking pneumonia
  • smallest organism
27
Q

Myobacterium tuberculosis

A
  • rods
  • aerobic
  • mycolic acid: acid fast rods, waxy lipid layer, resistant to desiccation, antiseptics and antibiotics
  • nutrients uptake is low (lone log phase- 4-6wks) “generation time”
28
Q

Corynebacterium deptheriae

A
  • facultative anaerobic rods
  • arrangement: picket-fence or Chinese letter
  • granules store phosphorus
  • cause deptheria: grows in throat and tonsils (URT)
29
Q

Propiniobacterium acnes

A
  • causes acne
  • rods
  • anaerobe
  • ferment on sebum: gylcerol + fatty acids
  • other sps. used for fermentation of foods ex. Swiss cheese (Co2 + propane acid)

Microbiology (14 decks)

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