Ch. 11: Prokaryotes Flashcards
1
Q
Alphaproteobacteria
A
Ricksettia rickettsii
- spread by insects or tics
- all parasites
- rod or coccobaccilus
- aerobic
- damage: CV system permeability and valve damage
- results: spotted fever
2
Q
Bordetella pertussis
A
- rods
- aerobic
- capsules
- causes whopping cough
- betaprotebacteria
3
Q
Nisseria
A
- aerobic, cocci
- have capsule and fimbria(e)
- N. gonorrhea and N. meningitis
betaproteobacteria
4
Q
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- aerobic, rods, flagella (mono or lopho)
- produce pigment: blue-green in colour
- grow on: burns, wounds, and abscesses
- grow in: antiseptics (Quats), antibiotics, pharmaceutical supplies
- cause: septicemia, UTI, meningitis, and conjunctivitis
- psychotrophs
- passed through flowers
- Pseudomonadales (gammaproteobacteria)
5
Q
Moraxella lacunate
A
- aerobic and coccobaccillus
- cause conjunctivitis
6
Q
Legionella pneumophila
A
- causes: Legionnaires (fatal) and Pontiac fever (mild)
- rods and aerobic
- spread: always through water
- found in: AC units, supply lines, fountains, and showerhead
7
Q
Coxiella burnetti
A
- causes Q-fever
- has endospores
- rods, aerobic and parasites
- spread: milk, animals (urinary and feces)
8
Q
Vibrio
A
- aerobic/facultative anaerobic
- spiral/ curved rod
- polar flagella
- V. cholerae (profuse and water diarrhea)
- spread through fees/urine (air)
9
Q
Campylobacter jejuni
A
- microaerophilic vibrios
- one polar flagellum
- causes gastroenteritis
10
Q
Heliobacter pylori
A
- microaerophilic vibrios
- peritrichous flagella
- causes peptic ulcers in humans and a cause of stomach cancer
11
Q
Escherichia coli
A
- inhabitants intestinal tract
- lab pet
- agencies: measure number of coliform
- cause UTIs and certain strains of entertoxins and serious food borne disease, traveller’s diarrhea
- facultative anaerobic rods
- peritrichious flagella
- pili and fimbrie
- enterobacteriale
12
Q
Salmonella
A
- pathogenic
- facultative anaerobic rods
- peritrichious flagella
- fimbrie and pili
- salmonella enterica (cause food related infections: gastroenteritis) ANIMAL SOURCE
- salmonella typhi (cause Typhoid fever) NEVER ANIMAL SOURCE
- enterobacteriale
13
Q
Pasteruella
A
Haemophilus influenza:
- blood loving
- aerobic coccobaccilli
- missing cytochrome for ETC (factor X)
- missing co-enzyme NAD (factor V)
- causes meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis
14
Q
Chlamydiae
A
Chlamydiae trachomatis:
- causes Trachoma: blindness (non-traumatic), Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
- coccobacilli
- aerobic
- parasites (genital regions)
- spread: interpersonal contact- sexual, fomites, or air
- life cycle: elementary body (enters host), binary fusion and becomes reticulate body (divides and matures), cycles back to elementary body
15
Q
Bacteriodetes
A
- rods
- anaerobes
- cause gingivitis and eventually loss of tooth
- cause peritonitis: inflammation from a perforated bowel
16
Q
Fusobacteria
A
- anaerobes
- long slender rods (pointed ends)
- gingivitis
17
Q
Spirochaetes
A
- axial filaments
- spiral
- found in: human oral cavity, saliva and tooth scrapings
- can not grow in vitro: growth is always in viro (in a body)
- Treponema pallidum: causes syphilis
18
Q
Shigella dysenteriae
A
- due to Shigaton
- cause dysentery: shock and death
- facultative anaerobic rod
- pili, fimbriea, peritrichious flagella
- enteriobacteriales
19
Q
Clostridales
A
- causes: tetanus, botulism, gangrene, colitis
- all anaerobic rods
- have endospores (lollipop/swelling)
- abundant in soil
20
Q
Bacillales
A
- Bacillus anthracis:
- anaerobic rods/ facultative
- endospores (no swelling/lollipop)
- abundant in soil
- causes Anthrax, used as bioweapon - Staphylococcus aureus:
- cocci/clusters.golden
- facultative anaerobic
- causes: skin infections, TSS, food poisoning
21
Q
Lactobacillus sp.
A
- rods
- aerotolerant anaerobes
- commercial use: fermentation
- hospital: in women’s health
1. puberty: increases in number in vagina for sterility (due to acidic pH- ferment glycogen)
2. pregnancy: number increases- first contact of newborn (predominant organism, builds own immune system)
22
Q
Streptococcus pyogenes
b-hemolytic
A
- cocci in chains
- aertolerantt anaerobes
- grow in blood agar “clear zone”
- B-hemolysis
- cause: strep throat, Rheumatic fever or Scarlet fever, skin infections (flesh eating disease)
- has M-protein
- Lactobacillales
23
Q
Streptococcus pneumoniae
A
- exception: is in pairs- Diplo
- aertolerant anaerobes
- can grow in blood agar “green zone”
- alpha- hemolytic (turnsHb into methHb)
- possess capsule
- causes pneumonia and meningitis
- Lactobacillales
24
Q
Listeria monocytogenes
A
- rod
- facultative anaerobic
- psychotrophs
grows in monocytes/macrophages - move one infected to another
- human:
1. immunosuppressed- goes into CNA and causes meningitis
2. pregnant women- fetus and causes miscarriage, still birth, or very ill - Lactobacillales
25
Q
Enterococcus facealis
A
- cocci
- facultative anaerobic
- hardy
- spread: contaminated hands, air, or bedding
- cause: contamination in catheter- septicemia- which can enter: heart and cause endocarditis or as a UTI
- Lactobacillales
26
Q
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
A
- no cell wall
- has sterols in plasma membrane
- pleomorphic “fried egg”
- culture: provide sterols
- very pliable (lab contamination)
- cannot use penicillin as treatment: use Tetracycline
- causes: walking pneumonia
- smallest organism
27
Q
Myobacterium tuberculosis
A
- rods
- aerobic
- mycolic acid: acid fast rods, waxy lipid layer, resistant to desiccation, antiseptics and antibiotics
- nutrients uptake is low (lone log phase- 4-6wks) “generation time”
28
Q
Corynebacterium deptheriae
A
- facultative anaerobic rods
- arrangement: picket-fence or Chinese letter
- granules store phosphorus
- cause deptheria: grows in throat and tonsils (URT)
29
Q
Propiniobacterium acnes
A
- causes acne
- rods
- anaerobe
- ferment on sebum: gylcerol + fatty acids
- other sps. used for fermentation of foods ex. Swiss cheese (Co2 + propane acid)
