Ch. One: History of Microbiology Flashcards
1
Q
Cell Theory
A
- all living things are composed of cells
- 1665
2
Q
Spontaneous Generation
A
- some forms of life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter
ex. flies could emerge from manure - Louis Pasteur refuted this
3
Q
Theory of Biogenesis
A
- living cells can arise only from pre-exisiting living cells
- aseptic techniques: prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms
- Louis Pasteur
4
Q
Fermentation and Pasteurization
A
fermentation: used to make wine and beer
- air converted the sugars in these fluids into alcohol; microorganisms called yeasts convert the sugars to alcohol in the absence of air
pasteurization: used to reduce spoilage and kill potentially harmful bacteria in milk and alcohol drinks
- heat alcohol just enough to kill most of the bacteria that caused spoilage
5
Q
Germ Theory of Disease
A
- microorganisms causes disease
- Koch’s Postulates: sequence of experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease
6
Q
Vaccination
A
- immunity
- Jenner; protect people from smallpox
7
Q
Chemotherapy
A
- treatment of disease by using chemical substances
8
Q
Antibiotics
A
- chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against other microorganisms
9
Q
Louis Pasteur
A
- 1860
- 3 tests: broth and flask, left either open or closed
- microbes found when flask was open
- no microbes when used S-neck flask and left open
- Biogenesis
1. microbes present in air, on solids and in liquids
2. device methods which can stop growth
3. basis of ALL aseptic techniques
4. two terms: pasteurization and fermentation
10
Q
Robert Koch
A
- 1876
- Anthrax: bacteria- Bacillus anthracis (biological weapon)
- Koch’s postulates: specific disease for specific microbe
11
Q
Jenner
A
- 1796
- inoculated a subject with cowpox virus, who was then protected from smallpox
1. vaccination is derived from vacca, for cow
2. the protection is called immunity
