CH NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION Flashcards
What is coordination
The process via which two or more organs interact or complement each other is k/a Coordination
Which system jointly coordinates and integrates all of the organs of the body so that they work in a synchronised fashion
The neural system and endocrine system
The human neural system consists of
- The CNS
- PNS
What is a nerve
Nerve is a collection of Nerve fiber
How many Nerve are present in Spinal and Cranial Nerve
There are 31 pairs of Spinal Nerve and 12 Pair of Cranial Nerve
The part of the PNS that controls Voluntary action is k/a
Somatic Nervous System
The part of the PNS that controls Involuntary action is k/a
Autonomic/ Visceral System
The sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous system have _____ effect on the organ
Antagonistic or opposite effect
How many neurons are present in the human brain
more than 100 billion neurons are present in the brain
Bipolar Neuron is present in
Retina of eye, olfactory epithelium
Unipolar neuron is present in
Embryonic stage
Pseudounipolar neuron is present in
Neurons of Dorsal root ganglion of spinal cord
The nissils granules are made up of
RER
for active transportation across the membrane, we use
PUMPS
for passive transportation across the membrane we use
CHANNELS
What is impulse in a neuron
The flow of positive charge towards negative charge in a neuron is k/a Impulse
What is polarization
When opposite charges are present across the membrane it is polarized. The neuron i said to be in resting state
In neurons, the resting membrane potential ranges from _____ to ______. A typical value is _____.
It ranges from -40 to -90 mV. A typical value is -70mV
What is resting membrane potential
The potential of the membrane in resting state i.e polarized state is k/a Resting membrane potential
what is the approximate value of Hyperpolarization, When does it occur
-85 mV, It occurs when there is more polarization that required
How does Na+ K+ pump work
Na+/K+ PUMP helps in transportation of 3Na+ outwards and 2 K+ Inwards at the cost of 1 ATP
What happens when Neurons receive a threshold potential
When the neurons reach threshold potential which is about -55mV, this causes the Na+ Voltage gated channels to open which results in rapid influx of Na+ and thus there is depolarization (Excitatory state) of the membrane
What is the value of action potential/ Nerve impulse
+40mV
What are the different steps during transmission of impulse
- Membrane is polarized or under resting state.
- A threshold stimulus is provided that cause Depolarization of the membrane i.e. it goes under excitatory state
- Once it reaches the action potential, the Na+ VGC close and K+VGC open and the membrane starts to repolarize
- The membrane is repolarized so much so that it reaches Hyperpolarized state
- Then with the help of Na+/K+ pump the membrane is brought back to polarized/ resting state
Name the different meningens in order of outer to inner
- Duramater
- Arachnoid
- Piamater
The fluid present in Sub arachnoid and sub dural space is/are
In sub arachnoid space - CSF is present
in sub dural space - a watery fluid like ECF is present
The longest fissure that divides the cerebrum into 2 is k/a
Median Fissure
What is Corpus callosum
It is a band of nerve tract which attaches the 2 cerebral hemisphere posteriorly
how much fraction of neurons are concentrated in the folds of the brain
2/3rd of neurons
The structure of brain is divided into 3 parts in embryonic stage, they are
- Prosencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Rhombencephalon
Our brain has ______ lobes in total
8
What are the different lobes present in each hemisphere
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
In anamniotes ______ pairs of cranial nerve are present
10
The diencephalon comprises of
- Epithalamus
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
The Limbic System consists of
- Amygdala
- Hippocampus
- Hypothalamus
The temporal lobe has which centers
Auditory and olfactory lobe
What is the function of Hippocampus
It converts short term memory to long term memory
Amygdala is ______ shaped and it helps to _______
Amygdala is almond shaped and it helps to control emotions like rage, fear, excitement
_______ helps with confidence and motivation
Limbic System
Cerebellum is also k/a
Little Cerebrum
Which is the second largest part of the brain
Cerebellum
The Rhombencephalon consists of `
Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum
Brain stem forms the connection between
Brain and Spinal Cord
The Limbic system is also k/a _____ Brain
Emotional Brain
The mid brain consists of
Corpora Quadrigemina and Crura Cerebri
What makes up the telencephalon
Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Striatum, Hippocampus, Amygdala
Maximum growth of brain occurs by the age of
6
What are the major areas of the cerebral cortex
Motor areas, Sensory area and association area are the major areas of the cerebral cortex
_______ is also k/a Relay Centre of the brain
Thalamus
What are the function of the association area of the brain
Helps in memory creation, Intersensory association, Communication
_____ controls feeling of Satiety
Hypothalamus
How many ventricles are present in the brain
There are 4 ventricles in the brain
_________ has the most complex neuron which is k/a
Cerebellum has the most complex nail which is k/a Purkinjie fibre
______ in cerebellum is k/a The tree of life
Arbor Vitae
All activities of Cerebellum are
Involuntary and involves learning at early stage
Which part of the brain is directly connected to spinal Cord
Medulla Oblongata
Highly vascular and closely investing protective coat around brain is k/a
Pia Mater
The brain stem comprises of
Pons, Medulla and mid brain
The medulla oblongata includes which function
- Controls cranial reflexes like sneezing, coughing, salvation
- It includes centre for gastric secretion, cardiovascular reflexes, respiration
The 1st and 2nd ventricle is called as
Paracoel/ Lateral Ventricle
the 3rd ventricle is k/a
Diocoel
_______ connects two cerebellar hemisphere
Vermis
Which lobe is responsible for self consciousness
Parietal Lobe
most of the impulses in the body are
Chemical Impulses
The superior and inferior colliculi control ______ and ________ respectively
Visual and auditory reflexes
