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Zoology class 11 NEET > CH BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES > Flashcards

CH BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES Flashcards

1
Q

What is Breathing? It is also k/a

A

Breathing is the process of inhalation or exhalation of gases. It is also k/a Pulmonary Ventilation

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2
Q

What are the main steps involved in Respiration

A
  1. Breathing/ Pulmonary Ventilation
  2. External Respiration
  3. Transport of gases
  4. Internal Respiration
  5. Cellular Respiration
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3
Q

Which Organ is k/a Voice Box

A

Larynx

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4
Q

The pleural membrane is has double membrane namely

A
  1. Inner Membrane - Visceral Pleura
  2. Outer Membrane - Parietal Pleura
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5
Q

The Cardiac Notch holds ________

A

the heart and the thymus

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6
Q

The region from where the alveolar duct branches of is k/a

A

Atria

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7
Q

The alveoli consists of two types of cell they are

A
  1. Type I Pneumocyte
  2. Type II Pneumocyte
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8
Q

Which cell in alveoli is responsible for Exchange of Gas

A

Type I Pneumocyte

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9
Q

The trachea divides into two primary bronchi at

A

5th Thoracic Vertebrae

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10
Q

Which cell in the body always performs Anaerobic Respiration

A

RBC

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11
Q

the normal breathing rate is

A

12-16 times per minute

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12
Q

The instrument used to measure respiratory Volume is

A

Respirometer or Spirometer

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13
Q

The PO2 and PCO2 in
1. Atmosphere
2. Alveoli

A
  1. PO2 159 mm Hg, PCO2 0.3 mm Hg
  2. PO2 104 mm Hg, PCO2 40 mm Hg
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14
Q

The Respiratory membrane Consists of 4 Layers they are

A
  1. Epithelial Layer of Alveoli
  2. Basement Membrane of Alveoli
  3. Basement Membrane of Endothelium
  4. Endothelium
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15
Q

How many alveoli are present in the lung

A

15O million in each lung i.e. total 300 million in both the lungs

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16
Q

The trachea is lined by

A

pseudostratified Ciliated Epithelium

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17
Q

What is Partial Pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture of gases is k/a Partial Pressure

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18
Q

What are the muscles involved in Respiration

A
  1. Diaphragm - Phrenic Muscles
  2. Coastal Muscles - Internal and External
  3. Abdominal Muscles - = Skeletal Muscles
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19
Q

Normal Inspiration and Normal Expiration last for

A

2s and 3s respectively

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20
Q

What is tidal Volume

A

Volume of Air inhaled or Exhaled during Breathing

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21
Q

What is Inspiratory Capacity

A

The Total Volume of air that we can forcefully inhale
IC = TV + IRV = 500 + 2500-3000 = 3000-3500ml

22
Q

What is Expiratory Capacity

A

The total volume of air that we can Forcefully exhale
EC = TV + ERV = 500 + 1000-1100 = 1500 - 1600ml

23
Q

What is Vital Capacity

A

total Volume of air that we can forcefully inhale after forceful Expiration.
VC = TV + IRV + ERV = 4000-4600 ml

24
Q

Hypoxia is a condition in which

A

Low Partial Pressure of O2 is supplied to the body

25
Q

What is CYANOSIS

A

A condition in which the skin appears blue

26
Q

What happens in Emphysema

A
  1. The surface area for exchange of Gases is reduced
  2. Elasticity of Alveoli is lost, they remain Inflated
27
Q

Carbon Monoxide has ______ times more affinity for Haemoglobin than O2

A

250

28
Q

100 ml of de oxygenated blood has ___ ml of CO2

A

4 ml

29
Q

100 ml of blood contains _______ amount of haemoglobin

A

12 - 16 gm

30
Q

100 ml of blood contains ______ amount of O2

A

20 ml

31
Q

CO2 is ______ times more soluble in Plasma than O2

A

20 - 25

32
Q

1gm of Hb contains _____ of O2

A

1.34 ml

33
Q

Nervous Regulation is done by two areas. They are -
and are situated in -

A
  1. Respiratory Rhythm Centre - Medulla Oblongata
  2. Pneumotaxic area-
34
Q

The Chemoreceptors are Present in

A
  1. The Carotid Artery - k/a Carotid Bodies
  2. The Aortic Artery - k/a Aortic Bodies
  3. Medulla to Check concentration in the CSF
35
Q

The chemoreceptors send signal to _______

A

Chemosensitive area in Medulla Oblongata

36
Q

The Inspiratory area controls

A

The normal Inspiration and Expiration

37
Q

The Expiratory area is responsible for

A

Forceful Exhalation Regulation

38
Q

The Chemoreceptors detect

A

Concentration of CO2 and H+ in the blood

39
Q

Which area is Responsible for Shallow Breathing

A

Pneumotaxic Area

40
Q

O2 is transported in which form and in how much %

A
  1. dissolved form in plasma 3%
  2. oxy haemoglobin 97%
41
Q

CO2 is transported in which Form and in how much %

A
  1. dissolved form 5-7%
  2. bicarbonate 70%
  3. Carbaminohaemoglobin - 23- 25%
42
Q

H + Hb forms ______ which acts as a ____

A

Haemoglobinic Acid
which acts as a buffer i.e. helps to stabilize the pH

43
Q

In Resting Phase and during strenous exercise how much O2 is transported by 100 ml of blood

A
  1. Resting Phase - 5ml
  2. Strenous Exercise - 15 ml
44
Q

Chloride shift is also k/a

A

Hamburgers phenomena

45
Q

What is Haldane’s Effect

A

The dissociation of Carbaminohaemoglobin due to the Partial Pressure of O2

46
Q

What is Reverse Chloride Shift

A

When chloride ion move back into the plasma from RBCs

47
Q

What is Fibrosis

A

Proliferation of Fibrous Connective Tissue

48
Q

What is Silicosis

A

Inhalation of silica dust

49
Q

What are the different cartilagenous structure present in Larynx

A

Paired - 1. Arytenoid 2. Cuneiform 3. Corniculate
Unpaired - 1. Epiglottis 2. Thyroid 3. Cricoid

50
Q
A

Zoology class 11 NEET (14 decks)

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