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Zoology class 11 NEET > CH HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES > Flashcards

CH HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

Causative agent of typhoid and it is transmitted via

A

Salmonella typhoid
Contaminated food and water

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2
Q

Typhoid is also known as

A

Systemic or Enteric fever

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3
Q

Typhoid fever can be confirmed by

A

Widal test

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4
Q

Typhoid is what type of infection

A

Bacterial infection

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5
Q

Symptoms of typhoid

A

Sustained high fever
Intestinal perforation- extreme case
Weakness
Stomach pain
Lose of appetite

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6
Q

Pneumonia is caused by

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Haemophilus Influenza

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7
Q

Mode of transmission of pneumonia

A

Aerosols

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8
Q

Symptoms of Pneumonia

A

Infection in the lower respiratory tract… fluid filled alveoli

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9
Q

Causative agent of plague

A

Yersinia pestis

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10
Q

Plague is also known as

A

Bubonic plague/ black death

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11
Q

What kind of infection was plague

A

Bacterial infection

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12
Q

Diseases that spread from animal to humans are called

A

Zoonotic diseases

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13
Q

Plague was primarily a disease of

A

Rodent

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14
Q

Vector of plague

A

Rat flea

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15
Q

Symptoms of plague

A

High fever
Bubo(lump) in the armpit or groin region
Blood patch appeared on skin which then turns black

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16
Q

causative agent of Cholera

A

Vibrio Cholera

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17
Q

Cholera is which type of infection

A

Bacterial infection

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18
Q

treatment for cholera

A

oral rehydration therapy as a lot of fluid and salts are released through stool and vomit

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19
Q

Causative agent for Tuberculosis

A

Myobacterium Tuberculosis

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20
Q

Vaccine for tuberculosis

A

BCG Vaccine

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21
Q

mode of transmission for tuberculosis

A

air borne

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22
Q

causative agent for Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

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23
Q

Tetanus is also known as

A

Lock jaw

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24
Q

which disease results in Sustained contraction

A

tetanus

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25
Q

Injection for tetanus

A

anti tetanus serum(ATS)

DPT Vaccine- Diptheria, Pestusis, tetanus

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26
Q

causative agent of diptheria

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

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27
Q

causative agent of diptheria

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

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28
Q

causative agent of leprosy

A

Myobacterium leprae

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29
Q

Causative agent of common cold

A

Mild ones - Rhino viruses
Severe - Corona viruses

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30
Q

Which is the most infectious disease in the world

A

Common cold

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31
Q

Causative agent of chicken pox

A

Varisella zoster virus

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32
Q

Causative agent of small pox

A

Variola virus

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33
Q

Which glands swells during mumps

A

Parotid gland

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34
Q

Which virus requires pre existing HBV virus to spread the disease

A

Hepatitis D Virus

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35
Q

Rabies is also known as

A

Hydrophobia

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36
Q

Vector of Dengue

A

Female aedes mosquitoes

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37
Q

Chickenguniya vector

A

Female aedes mosquito

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38
Q

Vaccine for poliomyelitis

A

OPV - Oral polio vaccine

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39
Q

The genetic material of Varisella zoster virus

A

ds DNA

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40
Q

Vaccine for Hepatitis B is

A

Recombivax

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41
Q

Which type of Hepatitis enters via Faeco oral route

A

HAV and HEV

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42
Q

Causative agent of Dengue fever

A

Arbovirus- Arthropoda borne viruses - flaviviruses genes

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43
Q

In chickenpox more scars are on —— then—-

A

More scars on the body less on face and limbs

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44
Q

In small pox more scars on —— less on ——

A

In small pox more scars on face and limbs less on body

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45
Q

Which Hepatitis is/are STD

A

HBV, HCV, HDV

46
Q

Measels is which type of infection

A

Viral infection

47
Q

Mumps is which type of infection

A

Viral

48
Q

Which digestive tract infection affects large intestine

A

Amoebic dysentery

49
Q

Causative agent of Amoebic dysentery

A

Entamoeba histoltyica

50
Q

Mechanical vector of Amoebic dysentery

A

Housefly

51
Q

Excess mucus and blood clot is a symptom of

A

Amoebic dysentry

52
Q

Which type of infection is Ascariasis

A

Helminth infection

53
Q

Extreme case of Ascariasis

A

Intestinal blockage

54
Q

Causative agent of Elephantiasis

A

Filarial worm - Wucheria brancofti
- Wucheria malayi

55
Q

Ringworm is which type of infection

A

Fungal infection

56
Q

Causative agent of Ringworm

A

Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Trichophyton

57
Q

Infective agent of Filariasis

A

Proboscis of Mosquito

58
Q

Vector of Filariasis

A

Culex Mosquito

59
Q

Symptoms of Elephantiasis

A

Majorly swelling in groin and lower limb

60
Q

Elephantiasis is which type of infection

A

Helminth infection

61
Q

Malarial infection is which type of infection

A

Protozoan infection

62
Q

Vector of Malaria

A

Female anopheles mosquito

63
Q

Causative agent of Malaria

A

4 species of plasmodium-
1. Plasmodium vivac
2. P. ovale
3. P. malariae
4. P. falciparum - fatal- malignant malariab

64
Q

Primary host and secondary host of plasmodium that causes malaria is

A

Primary host - human
secondary host - mosquito

65
Q

Where does sexual and asexual phase of plasmodium that causes malaria occurs

A

Sexual stage - mosquito
Asexual stage - human

66
Q

—- enters the RBC and produce ——

A

Phanerozites enter the RBC and produce merozoites

67
Q

Merozoites feed on —- to form —-

A

Merozoites feed on harmoglobin to form haemozoin

68
Q

—- chemical is responsible for fever and chills in malaria

A

Harmozoin

69
Q

Sporozoites are — shaped

A

Spindle shaped

70
Q

the infectious agent that enters the body for malaria

A

Sporozoites

71
Q

What are the types of immunity

A
  1. Innate Immunity- it is present at the time of birth and has a non specific type of defence
  2. Acquired immunity- it is gained after birth and it is pathogen specific
72
Q

What are the types pf barrier in innate immunity

A
  1. Physical barrier - skin
  2. Physiological barrier - acid in stomach, saliva in mouth, tears from eyes
  3. Cellular barrier- WBC like PMNL-neutrophils, Monocytes, natural killer cells
  4. Cytokine barriers- interferons which is produced by virally infected cells to send signals to neighbouring non infected cells
73
Q

1st line of defence

A

Physical and physiological barrier

74
Q

2nd line of defence

A

Cellular and cytokine barrier

75
Q

3rd line of defence

A

Acquired immunity

76
Q

Which immunity is pathogen specific

A

Acquired immunity

77
Q

Who is regarded as the father of immunology

A

Edward jenner

78
Q

B lymphocyte provide which type of immunity

A

Humoral or antibody mediated immunity

79
Q

T lymphocyte provide which type of immunity

A

Cell mediated immunity

80
Q

Memory B and T cells are stored in

A

Spleen and lymph nodes

81
Q

What are antigens

A

Antigens are molecules which when introduced into the body stimulate the production of antibody

82
Q

Each antibody has — peptide chain linked by —-

A

4 peptide chain, 2 heavy and 2 light
They are linked by disulphide bonds

83
Q

How many disulphide bonds are present in an antibody

A

16 disulphide bonds

84
Q

Which end of antibody binds to antigens

A

Fab - Fragment of molecule that is antigen binding or paratopes

85
Q

Which antibody is prominent during 1st encounter

A

Ig M

86
Q

How many paratopes are present in IgM

A

10

87
Q

Which is the largest antibody

A

IgM

88
Q

The most abundantly present antibody is

A

IgG - 75% of the immunoglobin pool

89
Q

How many paratopes are present in IgD

A

2 paratopes

90
Q

Where is Ig D found

A

It is found in large quantity on the cell membrane

91
Q

How many types of antibodies are present

A

5 types-
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

92
Q

Which antibody is a mediator in allergic response

A

IgE

93
Q

Which response against antigens is fast and high intensity

A

Secondary/ anamestic response

94
Q

Antigens have determinants called

A

Epitopes

95
Q

B lymphocytes evolve into plasma cells under the influence of

A

T cell released cytokines

96
Q

What are the different types of T cells

A
  1. Helper T cell
  2. Cytotoxic/killer T cell
  3. Suppressor T cells
  4. Memory T cells
97
Q

An example of Antigen presenting cell

A

Macrophages

98
Q

Helper T cell stimulate

A

B cells to produce antibody and killer T cell to destroy the non self cells

99
Q

What is the function of suppressor T cells

A

Suppresses the function of cytotoxic and Helper T cell so that the immune system doesn’t attack the body’s own cells

100
Q

Perforins are secreted by

A

Cytotoxic T cells

101
Q

What plays an important role in suppressing the immune system during transplantation

A

Histocompatibilty antigen and immunosuppressant

102
Q

Which immune response is responsible for graft rejection

A

Cell mediated immune response

103
Q

Which immunosuppressant drug prevents rejection of kidney, heart and liver transplant

A

Cyclosporin

104
Q

—— is responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation

A

Major histocompatibility protein

105
Q

What are the types of Acquired immunity

A
  1. Active immunity
  2. Passive immunity
106
Q

Vaccination is which type of immunity

A

Vaccination is Artificial active acquired immunity

107
Q

What is active immunity

A

Antibodies are produced in the hosts body

108
Q

What is passive immunity

A

When preformed antibodies are directly given to a person

109
Q

Colostrum secreted by mother during initial days of lactation is which type of immunity

A

Natural passive acquired immunity

110
Q

What is the principle of immunisation or vaccination

A

Based on the property of memory of the immune system

111
Q

The first true vaccine was discovered against — by —

A

The first true vaccine against chicken cholera was discovered by Louis Pasteur

112
Q

1st passive immunisation technique was used by — against —-

A

By Emil von Behring
against Diptheria

Zoology class 11 NEET (14 decks)

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