Ch:9 Special Needs Flashcards
Immuno-Compromise
Diminished immune response due to medications, illness, age, etc.
URTI
Illness caused by an acute infection, which manifests in the upper respiratory tract.
Nutritional Antigens
Nutritional substance that causes the immune system to respond.
Macrophage
Type of white blood cell that fights pathogens.
Nutrient Partitioning
Allocation of nutrients to a particular destination based on the body’s perceived requirements.
Meal Spacing
Amount of time between feedings.
Nutritional Periodization
Continuous nutrition plan that is manipulated to accommodate more or less aggressive nutrition goals.
Cardiac Output
Volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.
The Rice Method
Rest, ice, compression, elevation; used to control the inflammatory response of an acute injury.
Hyperpermeable
Increased penetration through a membrane.
Vasodilation
Widening of blood vessels.
Fibroblast
A cell that makes the structural fibers and ground substance of connective tissue.
Scar Tissue
Fibrous tissue formed as a result of wound healing.
Cox Enzyme Activity
Either of two related enzymes that control the production of biological mediators from arachidonic acid.
Plant-Based Diets
Diet that includes primarily foods of plant origin.
Vegans
Includes only foods from the plant/fungi kingdoms, devoid of all animal derived ingredients.
Greenhouse Gases
Gases that absorb the heat release by the surface of the earth and cause global warming (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, water vapor0
Rebound Intake
A high intake of food after a period of restriction.
Anorexia Nervosa
1) Use of excessive exercise to control bodyweight 2) Self-induced starvation 3) Below 85% of normal bodyweight.
Amenorrhea
Abnormal suppression or absence of menstruation.
Bulimia
Uncontrolled episodes of overeating followed by some form of purging.
Binge Eating
Uncontrollable consumption of excessive amounts of food in a very short period of time.
Anorexia Athletica
Use of excessive exercise to control bodyweight.
Type I Diabetes
An auto-immune disease that destroys pancreatic cells; results in little to no insulin production.
Type II Diabetes
When the body has become resistant to insulin, or does not produce in any more; this is the more common for of diabetes mellitus.
Glycation
Binding of a sugar molecule without the controlling action of an enzyme.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Damage to small blood vessels of the eyes, due to glycation of the retina.
Lifestyle-Related Disease
Diseases that are cause and/or affected buy the way we live (e.g. amount of exercise, quality of nutrition, smoking, stress, etc.)
Western Diet
Dietary pattern followed by those in much of the western world; consists of processed and fast foods with high-calorie density and low-nutrient density.
Hemoglobin A1c
Glycated hemoglobin; reflects average blood glucose level over the past three months.
Atherosclerosis
Development of plaque in the lime (interior space) of blood vessels.
Metabolic Syndrome
A blend of conditions that often occur together, consisting of obesity, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, decreased HDL and high triglycerides.
Statin Drugs
Pharmaceutical agents that decrease cholesterol production within the body via down regulation of HMG-CoA reductase.
Soluble Fiber
Relatively indigestible water-soluble polysaccharides found in plants (e.g., psyllium, pectin) that undergo metabolic processing to enhance bowel health.
Neural Tube Defects
Birth defects of the brain and spinal cord.
Pre-Eclampsia
A condition in pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and swelling.
