Ch:4 Energy Balance in the Body

Question 1

Potential Energy

Answer 1

Energy stored within a physical system.

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

Energy generated by motion.

Question 3

Joule

Answer 3

Unit of energy; 4 Joules equal 1 calorie.

Question 4

Calorie (Large Calorie)

Answer 4

Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius; equal to 4184 Joules.

Question 5

calorie (small calorie)

Answer 5

Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius; equal to 4.184 Joules.

Question 6

kcal

Answer 6

Used to express food energy, represents a Calorie.

Question 7

Bomb Calorimeter

Answer 7

A rigid vessel used for measuring heat of combustion.

Question 8

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Answer 8

Level of energy required to sustain the body’s vital functions in the waking state.

Question 9

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Answer 9

Level of energy required to sustain the body’s vital functions at rest.

Question 10

Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF)

Answer 10

Metabolic response to the digestion of food and the uptake of nutrients in the blood.

Question 11

Exercise Activity

Answer 11

Physical movement performed in structured exercise sessions.

Question 12

Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)

Answer 12

Spontaneous physical activity, such as tapping feet and moving hands.

Question 13

Thermogenesis

Answer 13

The process of heat production in the body.

Question 14

Indirect Calorimetry

Answer 14

Estimation of energy expenditure via the measurement of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

Question 15

Direct Calorimetry

Answer 15

Direct measurement of heat output by the body; used as an index of energy expenditure.

Question 16

Respiratory Quotient (RQ)

Answer 16

Ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide expired to the volume of oxygen consumed in a given period of time, indicative of the substrates being used.

Question 17

Energy Imbalance

Answer 17

When the amount of energy intake doesn’t meet, or exceeds, the amount of energy output.

Question 18

Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers

Answer 18

Muscle fibers, characterized by fewer mitochondria and capillaries, which contract quickly and with relatively more force, yet fatigue more quickly that slow-twitch muscle fibers; includes three subgroups.

Question 19

Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers

Answer 19

Muscle fibers, rich in mitochondria and dense with capillaries, which are able to repeatedly contract for extended periods of time.

Question 20

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 20

Painful menstruation.

Question 21

Amenorrhea

Answer 21

Abnormal suppression of absence of menstruation.

Question 22

Thyroid Hormone

Answer 22

One of a group of metabolically active hormones stored in the thyroid gland.

Question 23

Electrolyte

Answer 23

Compound that when placed in solution becomes an ion; regulates flow in and out of cells.