Ch:7 Micronutrients

Question 1

Organic Compounds

Answer 1

Molecules with a carbon component.

Question 2

Co-Enzyme

Answer 2

Non-protein compound that forms the active portion of an enzyme system.

Question 3

Fat Soluble

Answer 3

Able to be dissolved in fat.

Question 4

Water Soluble

Answer 4

Able to be dissolved in water.

Question 5

Malabsorption Syndromes

Answer 5

Medical condition that results when the intestines cannot absorb nutrients from food.

Question 6

Macrominerals

Answer 6

Minerals required in amounts of 100 mg/day or more.

Question 7

Microminerals

Answer 7

Minerals required in amounts less than 15 mg/day.

Question 8

Electrolytes

Answer 8

Compound that when placed in solution becomes an ion: regulates flow in and out of cells.

Question 9

Ionic State

Answer 9

A given ion’s charge: positive, negative, or neutral.

Question 10

Concentration Gradient

Answer 10

Difference in the concentration of solutes in a solution between two areas.

Question 11

Phytochemicals

Answer 11

Chemical substance obtained from plants that is biologically active but non-nutritive.

Question 12

Flavinuria

Answer 12

An intense yellow color of the urine due to a high dose of supplemental riboflavin.

Question 13

Nicotinic Acid

Answer 13

Vitamin B3

Question 14

Avidin

Answer 14

A compound found in raw egg albumen that inactivates biotin.

Question 15

Folic Acid

Answer 15

Vitamin B9

Question 16

Retinol

Answer 16

Animal-derived form of vitamin A.

Question 17

Hypervitaminosis

Answer 17

Vitamin toxicity.

Question 18

Prohormones

Answer 18

Precursor to a hormone(s).

Question 19

Calciferol

Answer 19

Vitamin D

Question 20

Cholecalciferol

Answer 20

Vitamin D3.

Question 21

Tocopherols

Answer 21

Fat soluble alcohols with Vitamin E.

Question 22

Tocotrienols

Answer 22

Vitamin E compounds.

Question 23

Subclinical Deficiencies

Answer 23

Nutrient deficiencies that don’t manifest as a clinical health problem.

Question 24

Electrochemical Gradient

Answer 24

Diffusion gradient of an ion; represents the potential energy of an ion across a membrane and its tendency to move based on that membrane potential.

Question 25

Industrial Exposure

Answer 25

Exposure to something in the workplace.

Question 26

Heme Iron

Answer 26

Form of iron bound with carrier proteins found in animal products.

Question 27

Non-Heme Iron

Answer 27

Form of iron not bound with carrier proteins; found mainly in plant foods.

Question 28

Diuretics

Answer 28

A pharmaceutical that elevates the rate of urination.

Question 29

Cation

Answer 29

Positively charged ions.