Ch:5 Aerobic & Anaerobic Metabolism

Question 1

Myofibrils

Answer 1

One of the threadlike components of a muscle fiber.

Question 2

Myosin

Answer 2

Thick fibrous muscle protein that can split ATP and blind with actin.

Question 3

Actin

Answer 3

Thin fibrous muscle protein that is necessary for cell shape and can bind to myosin.

Question 4

Cross-Bridges

Answer 4

Formed when the head of myosin temporarily attaches to actin.

Question 5

Sarcomere

Answer 5

Repeating structural units of striated muscle fibers.

Question 6

Z-Discs

Answer 6

Region of the sarcomere into which actin is inserted.

Question 7

Sarcolemma

Answer 7

Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.

Question 8

Sarcoplasm

Answer 8

Cytoplasm of muscle fibers.

Question 9

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 9

Endoplasmic reticulum of muscle that appropriates calcium.

Question 10

Transverse (T)-Tubules

Answer 10

Inward-folded crevice of the sarcolemma on muscle that forms tubular portions; T-tubule depolarization triggers calcium release and muscle contraction.

Question 11

Metabolic Testing

Answer 11

Tests that measure metabolic functions (e.g., digestion and energy production).

Question 12

MET

Answer 12

Oxygen cost of energy expenditure measured at rest, equal to 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram of bodyweight per minute.

Question 13

Steady-State

Answer 13

A level of metabolism during exercise when oxygen consumption matches energy expenditure.

Question 14

Oxygen Deficit

Answer 14

Difference between oxygen uptake of the body during early exercise and during a similar duration of steady state exercise.

Question 15

Oxygen Debt

Answer 15

Extra oxygen required above basal needs after a period of intense exercise.

Question 16

EPOC

Answer 16

Increased rate of oxygen uptake following strenuous activity.

Question 17

Anabolic Threshold

Answer 17

The point at which lactate begins to accumulate in the bloodstream.

Question 18

Counter-Regulatory Hormone

Answer 18

Hormone that opposes the action of insulin.

Question 19

Muscle Hypertrophy

Answer 19

Increase in the size of muscle cells.

Question 20

Myofibrillar Hypertrophery

Answer 20

Enlargement of a muscle fiber as it gains myofibrils.

Question 21

Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy

Answer 21

Increase in the volume of the sarcoplasmic fluid in the muscle cell with no concurrent increase in strength.

Question 22

Capillarization

Answer 22

Development of a capillary network

Question 23

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 23

A division of the autonomic nervous that is always active and provides sympathetic tone; its activity increase during times of bodily stress.