Ch. 9: Social Interaction

Question 1

what are statuses

Answer 1

positions in society used to classify individual, creates hierarchies

Question 2

what is an ascribed status

Answer 2

one that is involuntary due to factors as race, ethnicity, gender, and family background

Question 3

what is an achieved status

Answer 3

one that is gained by effort’s or choices

Question 4

what is a master status

Answer 4

status by which a person is MOST identified, affects nearly all aspects of a person’s life

Question 5

what is a role

Answer 5

set of beliefs, values, attitudes and norms that define the expectations of someone who holds a certain status

Question 6

what is role performance

Answer 6

action of carrying out a role due to your status

not necessarily a talent. can change with situation

Question 7

what is a role partner

Answer 7

person with whom you interact with as part of your role

Question 8

what is a role set

Answer 8

the total of roles associated with one particular status

Question 9

when does role conflict occur

Answer 9

when there is difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of MULTIPLE roles

Question 10

when does role strain occur

Answer 10

when there is difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the SAME role

Question 11

what occurs in role exit

Answer 11

one identity is dropped for another

Question 12

what is a group

Answer 12

2+ people sharing common characteristics

Question 13

dyad

Answer 13

group of two people (simplest group)

Question 14

tryad

Answer 14

group of three people (2nd simplest group)

Question 15

what are the trade offs in changing group size

Answer 15

larger group = more stability

smaller group = more intimacy

Question 16

peer groups

Answer 16

• self-selected equals with similarities in interests, age, statues
• give belonging and acceptance

Question 17

family group

Answer 17

• various individuals with various interests/statues determined by birth/adoption/marriage

Question 18

what are in-groups

Answer 18

groups to which an individual is a member

Question 19

what are out-groups

Answer 19

groups to which an individual is NOT a member or is in opposition to

Question 20

what are reference groups

Answer 20

groups that establish the terms by which individuals evaluate themselves

ex: an applicant pool

Question 21

what are primary groups

Answer 21

groups with direct interactions and close, emotional bonds, often lasting a long time

Question 22

what are secondary groups

Answer 22

groups with superficial and transient bonds

Question 23

what are Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft

Answer 23

german sociological theory

Gemeinschaft - COMMUNITY d/t shared beliefs, ancestry…family or neighborhoods
Gesellschaft - SOCIETY d/t mutual self-interests…companies or countries

Question 24

three fundamental dimensions of interaction according to SYMLOG

Answer 24

dominance vs submission
friendliness vs unfriendliness
instrumentally controlled vs emotionally expressive

Question 25

what is group conformity

Answer 25

pressure within a group that ultimately shapes member’s behavior

Question 26

what is a network

Answer 26

observable pattern of social relationships among individuals or groups

Question 27

what is network redundancy

Answer 27

overlapping connections with the same individual within a network

Question 28

immediate vs distant networks

Answer 28

immediate = dense, strong ties
distant = looser, weaker ties

Question 29

what are organizations

Answer 29

entities with

• specific goals
• structure
• culture

Question 30

how are formal organizations different than groups

Answer 30

• continue after member departure
• expressed goals (often formal)
• enforcement procedures
• hierarchal formal roles

Question 31

what is a characteristic institution

Answer 31

group that forms the basic organization of society, changes with history

Question 32

what is a bureaucracy

Answer 32

rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control

Question 33

what does the law of oligarchy state

Answer 33

over time, democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group

Question 34

what occurs during McDonaldization

Answer 34

a shift towards efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control

Question 35

what is self-preservation

Answer 35

impression management

process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviors

Question 36

what does the social construction model state

Answer 36

there is no biological basis for emotion, they are entirely based on experiences and situational context alone

Question 37

what are display rules

Answer 37

the cultural expectations of emotional expression

Question 38

what is cultural syndrome

Answer 38

shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme which are found among people sharing the same language and geography

Question 39

what is self disclosure

Answer 39

sharing factual information

Question 40

what is managing appearances

Answer 40

props, appearance, emotional expression, associations to create a positive image

Question 41

what is ingratiation

Answer 41

use of flattery or conformity to win someone else over

Question 42

what is aligning actions

Answer 42

use of excuses to account for questionable behavior

Question 43

what is alter-casting

Answer 43

imposing an identity onto another person

Question 44

what is the dramaturgical approach

Answer 44

individuals create images of themselves similar to actors performing roles for an audience

Question 45

front stage

Answer 45

where individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve desired image

Question 46

back stage

Answer 46

where individual is not seen by audience and free from a cultivated image

Question 47

what is animal communication

Answer 47

communication between animals or between humans and animals