Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kaplan Behavioral Science > Ch 8: Social Processes, Attitudes, and Behavior > Flashcards

Ch 8: Social Processes, Attitudes, and Behavior Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what process does the Michelangelo Phenomenon describe

A

self = interpersonal self + intrapersonal self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is social action

A

actions/behaviors individuals are conscious of and performing when others are around

behavior that differs or occurs in front of an audience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is social facilitation

A

individuals perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others d/t the performance response of being watched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the Yerkes-Dodson law of social facilitation state

A

being in the presence of others raises arousal
Enhances simple tasks
Hinders complex tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are simple tasks

A

task a person is already skilled at, enhanced with an audience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are complex tasks

A

task a person is unfamiliar with, hindered by an audience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is deindividuation

A

change in individual behavior while in a group setting

  • increased anonymity
  • decreased personal identity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is antinormative behavior

A

behavior against the norm/normal self that is exhibited while in groups that provide high levels of anonymity, heightened while in uniform or masks

ex: violent riots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the bystander effect

A

a diffusion of responsibility, decreased responsiveness, less attention while in a crowd
—> the large the crowd, the less likely people are to notice a danger, recognize it as a threat, and help a victim

HELPING VICTIMS IN DANGER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is social loafing

A

tendency to put in less effort when in a group setting than as an individual

HELPING WITH TASKS/PROBLEMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how do sociologists define peers

A

individuals who are equal in a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is peer pressure

A

social influence exerted on an individual by a group of their peers d/t identity shift effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is identity shift effect

A

mechanism of peer pressure

breaking from normal character and conforming to a group in order to avoid social rejection –> results in internal conflict –> RESOLVED by accepting group standards as your own

shift personal standards so normal character realigns with group character

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when does cognitive dissonance occur

A

when actions are out of line with personal beliefs

results in internal conflict which forces individual to change either actions or beliefs to minimize dissonance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is social interaction

A

how individuals shape each others behaviors when in a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what occurs during group polarization

A

group ideas are more extreme than the individual ideas of the members within that group

group makes more extreme (whether risky or cautious) decisions than the individuals would on their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is choice shift

A

mechanism behind group polarization

individuals collective shift toward a more extreme opinion/decision when in a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is groupthink

A

phenomenon in which the desire for

  • -> harmony, conformity, and minimal conflict causes a group to
  • -> disregard independent critical thinking and outside opinions,
  • -> resulting in very poor group decisions and actions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the eight factors of groupthink

A
  • illusion of invulnerability
  • collective rationalization
  • illusion of morality
  • excessive stereotyping
  • pressure for conformity
  • self-censorship
  • illusion of unanimity
  • mindgaurds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the illusion of invulnerability

A

GROUPTHINK

- enhanced optimism and encouragement of risk taking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is collective rationalization

A

GROUPTHINK

- ignoring warnings against the ideas of the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the illusion of morality

A

GROUPTHINK

- belief that the group’s decisions are morally correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is excessive stereotyping

A

GROUPTHINK

- construction of stereotypes against outside opinions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is self-censorship

A

GROUPTHINK

- withholding of opposing views

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is illusion of unanimity

A

GROUPTHINK

- false sense of agreement within the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are mindgaurds

A

GROUPTHINK

- members of a group who actively protect the group against opposing views

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are fads

A

behavior that is transiently popular and desirable in a community

  • having an object (pet rocks, rubiks cubes)
  • certain behaviors (clothing, viral videos, catchphrases)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is mass hysteria

A

a shared, intense concern over threats to society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is cultural assimilation

A

process by which an individual or group’s behavior and culture begin to align with another, or merge into an UNEVEN blend

diversity begins to dim and meld, contrasting with multiculturalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are ethnic enclaves

A

locations of high concentrations of one specific ethnicity, can slow cultural assimilation

ex: chinatown, little Italy

31
Q

what is multiculturalism

A

celebration and respect of coexisting cultures within a larger community/society

diversity is enhanced and accepted, contrasting with assimilation

32
Q

what are subcultures

A

groups who distinguish themselves from a primary/majority culture they are a part of

33
Q

what are countercultures

A

subcultures with an identity at odds with majority culture, often directly opposing majority social mores

34
Q

what is socialization

A

process by which individuals develop, inherit, and spread norms, customs and beliefs

process of learning acceptable behavior within a society

35
Q

what is cultural transmission/learning

A

manner in which members of a society are socialized

36
Q

what is cultural diffusion

A

spread of norms, customs, and beliefs through a culture

37
Q

what is primary socialization

A
  • childhood learning, especially from parents/close adults
  • acceptable actions and attitudes
  • foundation of personal opinions
38
Q

what is secondary socialization

A
  • outside of home

- appropriate behavior in specific environments

39
Q

what is anticipatory socialization

A

process of preparing for future changes in occupation, living situation, environment

ex living together in anticipation of marriage

40
Q

what is resocialization

A

process by which one discards their old behaviors in favor of a new one

military, cults

41
Q

what are social norms

A

societal rules that define acceptable behaviors

42
Q

what are social mores

A

WIDELY observed social norms

more widespread than folkways

43
Q

what is social control

A

ways in which behavior of individuals and groups within a society is regulated

ex: social norms, sanctions

44
Q

where are sanctions

A

method enforcing of social control, can be formal or informal

negative - punishment for violating social norms
positive - reward for embracing social norms

45
Q

what are folkways

A

behavior that is considered appropriate and polite in very specific societies

46
Q

what is popculture

A

culture established by trends communicated through the media

47
Q

what is deviance

A

violation of social norms, can range in seriousness and sanctions

48
Q

what is social stigma

A

extreme disapproval of individuals/group with perceived difference from society

49
Q

what is labeling theory

A

labels given to other people affect how individuals view them but also how they view themselves

50
Q

what is differential association theory

A

deviance is learned through interactions with others

exposure to deviance in others, especially when numerous or intense, develops eventual self-deviance

51
Q

what is strain theory

A

when societal goals can not be accomplished through societal norms, individuals act deviant and work around norm to accomplish goal

52
Q

what is conformity/majority influence

A

matching attitude, belief, or behavior to societal norms

several types of conformity: normative, internalization, identification

53
Q

what is normative conformity

A

conformity to a group due to fear of rejection

54
Q

what is internalization

A

conformity of behavior AND conformity of belief to a group

55
Q

what is identification

A

conformity of behavior WITHOUT conformity of belief to a group

56
Q

what is compliance

A

a change in behavior of an individual based on a direct request by an individual or group WITHOUT actual authority

57
Q

what is the foot-in-the-door technique

A

method of compliance in which a small request is made, then followed with a large request after it has been met

58
Q

what is the door-in-the-face technique

A

method of compliance in which a large request is made, then followed with a small request after it has been rejected

59
Q

what is the lowball technique

A

method of compliance in which a request for commitment is made without the individual knowing the full scope of the commitment

60
Q

what is the that’s-not-all technique

A

method of compliance in which a request/deal is made, and then the deal in enhanced before the individual commits

ex: infomercials

61
Q

what is obedience

A

compliance to requests made by and individual/group WITH authority

62
Q

what is social cognition

A

how people think of others and how those beliefs affect personal behavior

63
Q

what is an attitude

A

expression of feelings toward something else

64
Q

what are the components of attitude

A

affective - EMOTIONAL component of how an individual feels towards something
behavioral - how an individual acts towards something
cognitive - how a personal thinks about something

65
Q

what is the functional attitudes theory

A

attitudes sever functions

  • knowledge
  • ego expression
  • adaptation
  • ego defense
66
Q

what is the knowledge function of attitude

A

attitude provides organization to thoughts and experiences, helps to make predictions

67
Q

what is the ego expressive function of attitude

A

attitude allows us to communicate and solidify our self identity

68
Q

what is the adaptive function of attitude

A

having attitudes that are socially acceptable will gain you acceptance by certain groups

69
Q

what is the ego defensive function of attitude

A

attitude protects self esteem and justifies actions

70
Q

what is learning theory

A

attitude is developed through different forms of learning

71
Q

what is the elaboration likelihood model

A

how you process persuasive information occurs on a spectrum with the extremes being deep scrutinization of information and acceptance of superficial information

72
Q

what is central route processing

A

deep scrutinization and critical thinking over persuasive information

73
Q

what is peripheral route processing

A

processing superficial aspects of persuasive information, like slogans and appearances

74
Q

what is social cognitive theory

A

behavior and attitude of individuals is shaped by that of others

Kaplan Behavioral Science (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions