Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kaplan Behavioral Science > Ch. 6: Identity and Personality > Flashcards

Ch. 6: Identity and Personality Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

self-concept

A

who YOU think you are –> sum of all identities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

self-schema

A

self-given labels with certain associated qualities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

identity

A

individual components that build larger self-concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gender identity

A

appraisal of self on scales of masculinity and femininity

not extremes on one scale, but two separate scales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

androgyny

A

state of being simultaneously very masculine and very feminine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

undifferentiation

A

state of being simultaneously not very masculine and not very feminine (low scores both scales)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gender schema

A

key components of gender identity are transmitted through cultural and social means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ethnic identity

A

belonging to an ethnic group with shared ancestry, heritage, and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nationality

A

identity based on political boarders (history, media, cuisine, national symbols) rather than ethnicity or citizenship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hierarchy of salience

A

internal organization of various identities that allows for the current situation to determine which identity will dominate in a given movement

higher salience = higher conformity to role expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

self-discrepancy theory

A

we have three selves

  • actual self = who we think we really are in the moment
  • ideal self = who we would like ourselves to be
  • ought self = how others think we should be
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what determines high self esteem according to self-discrepancy theory

A

the closer our three “selves” are to one another; who we think we are, who we want to be; and who others want us to be are very similar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does self-esteem measure

A

how we feel about ourselves; low = highly critical of self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does self-efficacy measure

A

our belief in our ability to succeed; can be dependent on activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

overconfidence

A

unwise inflation of self-efficacy; will take on tasks you are unprepared for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

learned helplessness

A

phenomenon in which you believe you do not have control over your current suffering/performance due to lack of control over previous suffering/performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

locus of control

A

how we characterize influence and power in our lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

internal locus of control

A

view current and future outcomes as a result of your own actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

external locus of control

A

view current and future outcomes as a result randomness or the of the actions of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

according to freud, psychology is deeply linked with what other trait

A

sexuality and libidinal energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

fixation

A

occurs when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during a stage of development, eventually manifesting as neurosis in adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

oral stage

A
  • 0-1 year
  • gratification obtained by biting/sucking/putting things in the mouth
  • fixation results in dependency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

anal stage

A
  • 0-3 years
  • gratification obtained by elimination and retention of waste materials
  • fixation results in orderliness or sloppiness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

phallic/oedipal stage

A
  • 0-3 years

- tension d/t oedipal and electra conflict, gratification obtained by sublimating libidinal energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

latency stage

A

achieve with sublimating libidinal energy and lasts until puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

genital stage

A
  • begins with puberty and lasts through adulthood
  • attain heteronormative sexual relationships
  • if trauma is unresolved, exhibit homosexuality, asexuality, or fetishism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what psychologist developed the stages of psychosocial development, centered on conflicts

A

erik erickson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

trust vs mistrust

A

0-1 year
+ trust yourself and environment
- suspicion of the world
“can I trust the world?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

1 - 3 years
+ internal locus, exercise choice and restraint
- doubt and external locus
“Is it okay to be me?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

initiative vs guilt

A

3 - 6 years
+ sense of purpose, initiate, and celebrate
- fear of punishment…restrictions or overcompensation
“Is it okay for me to do, move, and act?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

6 - 12 years
+ feel competent, use talents for good, create desired change
- inadequacy, low self-esteem
“Can I make it in the world of people and things?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

identity vs role confusion

A

12 - 20 years
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVOLUTION
+ fidelity and sustained loyalty to a unique personality
- fluid and frequently shifting personality
“Who am I? Who can I be?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

intimacy vs isolation

A

20 - 40 years
+ love, intimate relationships, commit to personal and couple goals
- avoidance of commitment, withdraw, superficial relationships
“Can I love?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

generatively vs stagnation

A

40 - 65 years
+ productive, caring, contributing member of society
- self-indulged, bored, self-centered
“Can I make my life count?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

integrity vs despair

A

65+
+ wisdom, assurance of meaning of life, readiness for death
- bitterness, fear over death
“Is it okay to have been me?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what psychologist developed a theory of personality development centered on capacity for moral reasoning

A

Lawrence Kholberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

preconventional morality stage

A 
- preadolescence 
#1 obedience: avoiding punishment
#2 self interest: gaining rewards, reciprocity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

conventional morality stage

A 
- adolescence to adulthood
#3 conformity: seeks approval of others
#4 law and order: maintains social order, thinks of society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

post conventional morality stage

A 
- some adults
# 5: social contract: moral rules ensure greater good
# 6: universal human ethics: consider abstract principles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how does one progress through freud’s stages of development

A

meet new stage as time progresses. if last stage is not resolved, fixation develops, preventing normal heteronormative relationships

41
Q

how does one progress through erickson’s stages of development

A

meet new stage as time progresses and previous conflicts are resolved. previous conflict does not have to be mastered, but will prepare individual for next stage

42
Q

how does one progress through kholberg’s stages of development

A

stages are adopted and then abandoned as moral reasoning develops

43
Q

zone of proximal development

A

skills and abilities that are currently being developed, but not yet mastered

requires help of a “more knowledgeable other”

44
Q

role-taking

A

experimenting with identities, usually as a child playing house, school, or doctor

45
Q

theory of mind

A

ability to sense how another person’s mind processes things

46
Q

looking glass self

A

awareness of how others perceive you

47
Q

reference group

A

who your self-concept is compared to

48
Q

personality

A

how we act and react to the world around us

49
Q

identity vs personality

A 
identity = who you are
personality = how you act
50
Q

defining aspect of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality

A

unconscious internal states motivate our overt actions

51
Q

who developed the structure model of entities including the id, ego, and superego

A

sigmund freud

52
Q

the id

A
  • basic, primal, inborn urges
  • pleasure principle: instant gratification and immediate tension release
  • *PRIMARY PROCESS**
53
Q

wish fulfillment

A

fantasies that satisfy the pleasure principle of the id

54
Q

the ego

A
  • moderates id by accounting for reality
  • reality principle: postpone pleasure until it can be obtained
  • *SECONDARY PROCESS**
55
Q

the superego

A
  • perfectionist, ideal self

- rewards and punishments

56
Q

what three categories of accessibility to the id, ego, and superego fall into

A

conscious (aware), preconscious (not yet aware), and unconscious (repressed)

57
Q

what is Freud’s definition of an instinct

A

innate physiological representation of a biological need

life instincts (survival) vs death instincts (destruction)

58
Q

defense mechanisms

A
  • eight mechanism that work to unconsciously to deny, falsify, distort reality
  • relieve clash of ego and id
59
Q

repression

A

unconscious forgetting

forces undesired thoughts and urges to the unconscious

60
Q

suppression

A

conscious form of forgetting

“i’m not going to think about that right now”

61
Q

regression

A

reversion to earlier developmental state in the face of stress

62
Q

reaction formation

A

reducing stress by unconsciously suppressing urges into their exact opposite emotion

inappropriate love –> hate

63
Q

projection

A

attributing undesired feelings and emotions onto others

feelings that you have (and don’t like) you assign to others

“someone else feel this way toward me” when actually its how you feel towards them

64
Q

what psychoanalytic therapies examine projection

A

Rorschach inkblot test and thematic apperception test

65
Q

rationalization

A

reframing and justifying behaviors in a way that is more acceptable to self/society

behavior remains the same, how you view it is distorted

66
Q

displacement

A

transfer an undesired urge from one person to another

expressing an urge on a more suitable person/object

yelling at family and not your boss

67
Q

sublimation

A

transformation of unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behavior

sexual urges –> drive for business

68
Q

how did Carl Jung divide Freud’s depiction of the mind

A

ego = conscious mind

id + superego = unconscious mind (personal and collective)

69
Q

collective unconscious

A

images and emotions shared among all humans as a residue of common experience and early ancestry

70
Q

what are Jung’s archetypes

A

emotional images of the collective conscious

71
Q

person

A

archetype of the mask we wear in public, adaptive to situations

72
Q

anima

A

a mans inner woman, explains emotional behavior

73
Q

animus

A

a woman inner man, explains power-seeking behavior

74
Q

shadow

A

unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciousness

75
Q

self

A

intersection between the collective unconscious, the personal unconscious, and the conscious mind

strives for unity

76
Q

what are the three dichotomies of personality

A
  • extraversion (E) vs introversion (I)
  • sensing (S) vs intuiting (N)
  • thinking (T) vs feeling (F)
77
Q

what personality test is rooted in Carl Jung’s dichotomies

A

Meyer’s Briggs Type Inventory

78
Q

inferiority complex

A

Alfred Adler’s theory that drive for superiority over inferiority drive the personality

79
Q

creative self

A

HOW an individual shapes their unique personality

80
Q

style of life

A

a manifestation of the creative self

how environment allows a person to shape their personality

81
Q

functional finalism

A

a person’s imagined idea of perfection/superiority that shapes their goals more than objective understanding

82
Q

basic anxiety

A

feelings of vulnerability and helplessness due to inadequate parenting, per Karen Horney’s definition

83
Q

basic hostility

A

feelings of anger due to neglect and rejection by parents, per Karen Horney’s definition

84
Q

defining aspect of humanistic/phenomenological theory

A
  • individual-centered strive towards self-realization

- conscious feelings for ourselves as we attempt to attain needs/goals

85
Q

gestalt therapy

A

holistic view of self and viewing others as complete people

86
Q

force field theory

A

current state of mind = sum of forces (influences) on an individual at one time

87
Q

peak experiences

A

profound and moving experiences that shape an individual

88
Q

type theorists

A

attempt to create taxonomy of personality types

89
Q

trait theorists

A

describe individuals personality as sum of characteristic behaviors

90
Q

PEN model

A

P - Psychoticism: nonconformity/social deviance
E - Extraversion: tolerant for interaction and stimulation
N - Neuroticism: emotional arousal in stressful situations

91
Q

Big Five Traits

A

OCEAN

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

92
Q

cardinal traits

A

traits around which a person organizes their life, may not develop in everyone

93
Q

central traits

A

easily inferred personality characteristics

94
Q

secondary traits

A

personality traits that are triggered in rare and specific situation

95
Q

functional autonomy

A

the means to achieve a goal become a new goal in and of itself

96
Q

behaviorist theory

A

personality is a reflection of behaviors that have been reinforced over time

97
Q

social cognitive perspective

A

beyond behaviorism

how world shapes/conditions us and how we shape and act on the world

98
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

thoughts, feelings, behaviors, environment all interact to determine our actions in a situation

99
Q

biological perspective

A

personality is a result of genetic expression

Kaplan Behavioral Science (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions