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Kaplan Behavioral Science > Ch. 10: Social Thinking > Flashcards

Ch. 10: Social Thinking Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

interpersonal attraction

A

phenomenon of individuals liking each other

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2
Q

self-disclosure

A

component of attraction

revealing personal facts/thoughts/fears/goals and being met with nonjudgemental empathy

must be reciprocal

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3
Q

reciprocal liking

A

component of attraction

people like others better when they believe the other person likes them

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4
Q

proximity

A

people are attracted to those close to them

same dorm, same company, same neighborhood

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5
Q

mere exposure effect

A

familiarity effect

people prefer (are attracted to) stimuli they have been exposed to more frequently

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6
Q

what is the purpose of aggression

A

protection from perceived and real threats

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7
Q

role of amygdala in attraction/aggression

A

associates stimuli and corresponding rewards or punishment

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8
Q

what does the cognitive neoassociation model state

A

we are more likely to respond aggressively towards others when we are feeling negative emotions (hungry, frustrated, tired, in pain)

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9
Q

who forms attachment

A

emotional bond between caregiver and child

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10
Q

when does secure attachment occur

A 
WHEN CAREGIVER...
- is consistent
- provides stable, secure home
SHOWS...
- distress when caregiver leaves, comfort when caregiver returns
COMFORTED...
- by strangers, but MOST comforted by caregiver
*vital to social development*
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11
Q

when does avoidant attachment occur

A 
WHEN CAREGIVER...
- shows no response to child's distress
SHOWS...
- no distress when caregiver leaves, no comfort when caregiver returns
COMFORTED...
- equally by strangers and caregiver
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12
Q

when does ambivalent attachment occur

A 
WHEN CAREGIVER...
- inconsistently responds to distress
- provides unreliable home
SHOWS...
- distress when caregiver leaves, mixed response when caregiver returns
*anxious about reliability of caregiver*
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13
Q

when does disorganized attachment occur

A

WHEN CAREGIVER…
- shows erratic behavior and social withdrawl
SHOWS…
- no clear pattern of behavior to absence or presence
red flag for abuse

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14
Q

what is social support

A

perception or reality that one is cared for by their social network

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15
Q

emotional support

A

supporting others in your social network by listening, affirming, empathizing with someone’s feelings

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16
Q

esteem support

A

supporting others through affirming qualities and skills

similar to emotional support, but emphasis is on the affirmations

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17
Q

material support

A

supporting others though financial and material support

ex: meals or financial donations

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18
Q

informational support

A

supporting others by providing helpful information

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19
Q

network support

A

supporting others by conveying a sense of belonging

gestures, group hugs, shared experiences

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20
Q

what is foraging

A

seeking out and eating food, driven by biological, psychological, and social influences

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21
Q

what is a mating system

A

organization of a group’s sexual behavior

ex: monogamy, polygamy, promiscuity (no exclusivity)

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22
Q

what is mate choice

A

selection of a mate based on attraction
direct bias - advantage to mate
indirect bias - advantage to offspring

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23
Q

what are phenotypic benefits

A

observable traits that increase attraction; increased production and survival of offspring

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24
Q

what is sensory bias

A

development of a trait that matches preferences within the population

25
Q

what his fisherman/runaway selection

A

positive feedback mechanism on a trait, causing it to become more exaggerated over time

26
Q

what are indication traits

A

traits signifying good health and well-being

27
Q

what is genetic compatibility

A

creation of mate pairs that form complementary genetics, reducing recessive genetic disorders

28
Q

what is altruism

A

helping another at the cost of yourself

29
Q

what is the empathy-altruism hypothesis

A

an individual helps another person when he or she feels empathy for the other, regardless of the cost

30
Q

what does game theory explain

A

decision making behavior

31
Q

four alternatives to evolutionary stable strategy

A

altruism - donor provides benefit to recipient at cost of herself
cooperation - donor and recipient benefit
spite - donor and recipient negatively impacted
selfishness - donor benefits, recipient negatively impacted

32
Q

what does inclusive fitness suggest

A

altruism can improve fitness and success of species as a whole

33
Q

what is social perception

A

social cognition

tools to make judgments and impressions about others

34
Q

what are the components of social perception

A

perceiver - is influenced
target - person about which perception is made
situation - the context

35
Q

what occurs d/t the primacy effect

A

first impressions carry more weight than subsequent impression in shaping social perceptions

36
Q

what occurs d/t the primary effect

A

the most recent impression carries the most weight in shaping social perceptions

37
Q

what occurs d/t the halo effect

A

general impressions (whether good or bad) shape more specific evaluations about a person

I like her = she is a good mother

38
Q

what occurs d/t the just-world hypothesis

A

good things happen to good people, bad things to bad people

VICTIM BLAMING

39
Q

what occurs d/t the self-serving bias

A

when it comes to self

success = internal factors
failure = external factors
40
Q

what does self-enhancement emphasize

A

need for internal self-worth

this can be accomplished through self serving bias

41
Q

what is the focus of attribution theory

A

tendency to infer why others behave the way they do

42
Q

what are the causes of attribution

A

dispositional (internal) - personal traits of who is being evaluated
situational (external) - social context of the evaluation

43
Q

what are consistency cues

A

consistent behavior of a person over time

regular behavior implies motives

44
Q

what are consensus cues

A

extent to which a persons deviates from socially expected behavior –> high deviation = dispositional attribution

45
Q

what are distinctiveness cues

A

extent to which a person varies behavior across situations –> high variation = situational attribution

46
Q

what occurs d/t fundamental attribution error

A

bias towards dispositional attribution, especially in negative contexts

47
Q

what occurs d/t attribute substitution

A

individuals substitute simple solutions and heuristic when they are faced with complex judgments

48
Q

when does stereotyping occur

A

attitudes and impressions form from superficial information

49
Q

how does the stereotype content model classify stereotypes

A

warmth - not in direct competition with in-group for resources
competent - high status in society

50
Q

what are paternalistic stereotypes

A

low status + not competitive

looked down upon as inferior; housewives, elderly, disabled

51
Q

what are contemptuous stereotypes

A

low status + competitive

looked down on with anger and annoyance; welfare recipients, poor people

52
Q

what are admiration stereotypes

A

high status + not competitive

pride and positive feelings; in group and close allies

53
Q

what are envious stereotypes

A

high status + high competitive

jealousy and bitterness; feminists and rich people

54
Q

what is a self-fulfilling prophecy

A

stereotypes create expectations/situations that individuals inadvertently live into, ultimately confirming stereotypes

55
Q

what is stereotype threat

A

anxiety over confirming a negative stereotype about one’s group, possibly resulting in worse performance or avoidance over performance

56
Q

what is prejudice

A

irrational attitude towards a group (whether positive or negative) d/t ACTUAL experiences

57
Q

what is the effect of ethnocentrism

A

believing your culture/community is the best shapes how you view and judge other cultures/communities

58
Q

what is the effect of cultural relativism

A

viewing other cultures as DIFFERENT, not better or worse

59
Q

what is discrimination

A

an action, whether individual or institutional, based on prejudice that affects one group

Kaplan Behavioral Science (9 decks)

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