ch 9 molecular bio n DNA synthesis

Question 1

what is the general structure of DNA?

Answer 1

A nucleotide with DPN
- dbl helix and twisted ladder like
- deoxyribose (sugar
- phosphate group
- Nitrogenous Base

Question 2

what are the types of N Bases and what are they?

Answer 2

Purines: Adenine & Guanine
Pyridimines: Thymine, Cytosine

Question 3

what are the primes in DNA that are at the end of each strand

Answer 3

3’ and 5’

Question 4

What is the general Structure of RNA

Answer 4

• single stranded
• only has ribose (not deoxy like dna)
• instead of Thymine, it has uracil to be paired with A

Question 5

What are the types of RNA? explain their funcitons

Answer 5

MTR
- messanger - mRNA used for translating amino acids
- transfer - brings amino acids to mRNA in translation
- ribosomal - links appropriate aas

Question 6

what is the Semiconservative process?

Answer 6

• used in DNA Replication
• when the single DNA strand is used to make the template (new) DNA that will be used for Transcription

Question 7

DNA Helicase

Answer 7

opens the DNA dbl helix up

Question 8

DNA Polymerse

Answer 8

enzyme that adds the complimentaty N Bases making the new Template

Question 9

RNA Primer

Answer 9

Initiates the start seqyuence of the new DNA

Question 10

Leading Strand (DNA)

Answer 10

the new strand that is continously synthesized

Question 11

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 11

• small fragments formed in the lagging strand behind the Leading

Question 12

The Central Dogma

Answer 12

• “prophecy”
  DNA –> RNA–> Protein

Question 13

Generally, what happens during Transcription and Translation?

Answer 13

Transcription - where DNA is copied n mRNA is created
Transaltion - mRNA is used to make amino aicds then proteins

Question 14

RNA Polymerase

Answer 14

• an enzyme transcribes DNA to make mRNA template

Question 15

where does Protein Synthesis occur in both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Answer 15

Euk - in nucleus for transcription then in cytoplasm for translation
Prok - all in cytosplasm

Question 16

Describe what happens during Transcription Initiation

Answer 16

• the DNA is unwinded
• RNA Polymerase pulls up at one strand of DNA and Promotor Sequence directs the start of synthesis

Question 17

Describe what happens during Transcription Elongations

Answer 17

• RNA Poly does its thing and transcribes complementary N Bases using DNA template strand to then create mRNA

Question 18

What happens in TRanscription Termination

Answer 18

• mRNA leaves nucleus for cytoplasm and translation

Question 19

What does Translation need?

Answer 19

• mRNA
• tRNA
• some enzymes

Question 20

Which type of Ribosome is used for Prot Syntheiss

Answer 20

• large subunit

Question 21

what does the tRNA do?

Answer 21

• brings the amino acids to the growing chain (mRNA()

Question 22

what is a Codon

Answer 22

the information that comes in 3’s that mRNA has

Question 23

what is an Anticodon?

Answer 23

what the tRNA pairs up with the mRNA’;s codon