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trends in Bio > ch 11 Evolution > Flashcards

ch 11 Evolution Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is Evolution?

A

process where characteristics of a species change thru time

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2
Q

what did Darwin study re: Natural Selection

A

the Galapagos Finches and their different sizes in beaks

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3
Q

3 Principles of Natural Selection

A
  • characteristics of organisms of INHERITED
  • there is COMPETITION of resources
  • offspring vary in characteristics and those with “better” ones survive better
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4
Q

what is Descent of Modification

A

when there is a change in population

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5
Q

when can Nat Sel really occur?

A

when there is Genetic Variation in the species in a Population

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6
Q

Adaptation

A

heritable trait that AIDS SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION of an organism in the environment

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7
Q

when does Adaptation occur

A

when theres a.CHANGE in Genetic Variation overtime

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8
Q

Divergent Evolution

A

two species evolve in DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS but came from Common Ancestor
- ex. dogs and foxes

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9
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

two species that are DISTANTLY related, but hav structures that make them look similar
- similar phenotypes
- ex. birds and bees wings

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10
Q

Homologous Structures

A
  • comes from Divergent Evo
  • structures that came from common ancestor but functions may b DIFF
  • ex. arm bone structure of whales and humans r similar but we do not have fins
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11
Q

Analogous Structures

A
  • comes from Convergent Evo
  • structures have similar function but from DIFF common ancestro
  • birds and bees wings for flight but they arent fully related
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12
Q

Gene Pool

A

combo of all genes n alleles present in population

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13
Q

Hardy-Weinberg Equilbrium

A

if there are no changes that happen in a population that affects the Frequency of Alleles, those alleles will stay thruout generatiosn

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14
Q

Mechanism of Evolution: Natural Selection

A

inherited genes n phenotypes are either ADVANTAGEOUS or NOT
- Advan = BETTER SURVIVAL and BETTER REPRODUCTION

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15
Q

Mechanism of Evolution: Mutations

A

ULTIMATE SOURCE OF GENETIC VARIATION
- changes in DNA Sequence
- changes are either Advantageous or NOT, those not r removed from pop

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16
Q

Mechanism of Evolution: Genetic Drift

A
  • (no tokyo drif)
  • effect of chace, completly random change in allees in population
  • mostly occurs in small pop
17
Q

Founder Effect

A
  • type of Genetic Drift
  • portion of population moves to another area and COLONIZES another area
  • introduces the new genes there
18
Q

Bottleneck Drift

A
  • type of Genetic Drift
  • a disastor hits and causes lotta the population to disappear - only a few of population exit the neck of bottle
19
Q

Mechanism of Evolution: Gene Flow

A
  • movement of alleles in and out of a popluatioponj to another area
  • ex. brown beetles going into green beetles area
20
Q

Evidence of Evolution: Fossils

A
  • me
  • organic matter existing under ground from long long ago
21
Q

Evidence of Evolution: Anatomy

A
  • we have Homologous Structures
  • shared bone structure humans and whales and bats and birds
  • there exists a shared evolutionary past
22
Q

Vestigial Structures

A
  • evidence of evo
  • structures that exist but do not have a function anymore
  • ex. human wisdom teeth, tail bones
23
Q

Evidence of Evolution: Embrology

A
  • similarities in embryo forms supports we similar
24
Q

Evidence of Evolution: Biography

A
  • distribution of organisms all over globe explain TECHTONIC PLATES MOVED overtime
25
Q

Evidence of Evolution: BioGEOGRAPHY

A
  • some species only exist in one single area
  • ex. maruspials only in Austraila
26
Q

Endemic Species

A
  • species that lived in isolated areas
  • had to find their own ways to evolve cuz theres no gene flow
27
Q

Evidence of Evolution: Molecular Biology

A
  • all organisms have DNA, a universal genetic code
28
Q

Evidence of Evolution: Speciation

A
  • shows some interbreeding occured with individuals nad bam genetic variation
29
Q

Allopatric Speciation: Sympatric Speciation

A
  • parent species in one location and the othjer species in another

trends in Bio (16 decks)

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