ch 19 popu n com

Question 1

demogrpahy

Answer 1

• state study of populations

Question 2

what are Populations characterized by?

Answer 2

size and density

Question 3

methods to estimate population size

Answer 3

all take samples
Quadrat - metal fence that is placed in random location of population and counts how many
Mark and Recapture = mark indidviduals in the population, put them back, then recapture and count how many of the marked ones are present

Question 4

describe the Formula for Mark and Recapture

Answer 4

of marked ones in first catch X # of total ones in second catch / # of marked ones in second

Question 5

what are the three Distribution Patterns

Answer 5

RCU
Random
Clumping
Uniform

Question 6

Random Distribution Pattern

Answer 6

there is no real pattern as to how these organisms distribute
ex plants, flowers

Question 7

Clumping Distribution Pattern

Answer 7

organisms surround tightly around a rescoure
ex. herd of sheep around food

Question 8

Uniform Distribution Pattern

Answer 8

for terrortorial reasons
ex. school of fish

Question 9

survivorship curve

Answer 9

a graf that shows # of inividuals surviving at each age

Question 10

name all types of Surviviorship Curves

Answer 10

Type 1 = organisms tend to have longer life spans as they are nurtured very well by parent
ex. humans
Type 2 = life spans are constant, their likely hood to live and die are same
ex. birds
Type 3 = higher chance to live longer as baby tan adult
ex. trees

Question 11

Exponential Growth Model

Answer 11

• theoretically predicts what populations will grow without taking into account the limitations faced
• usualyl occurs when new species in introduced
• rep by rN

Question 12

graph shape of Exponential Growth

Answer 12

J shaped

Question 13

Logistic Growth Model

Answer 13

• better reflects irl
• takes into account the limitations that interfere with grotwth
• there is STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
• more scarce resources become, population plateaus

Question 14

graph shape of Logistic Gorwth

Answer 14

S shaped

Question 15

Carrying Capacity

Answer 15

population size of a species capable of being supported by environemtn

Question 16

limitation of Logistic model

Answer 16

• simplication of irl popu dynamics
• does not take into account different weather conditions or nat disastors
• populations don exist by themselves

Question 17

Density Dependant Regulation Factor

Answer 17

• growth and mortality rate of popu depends on the density of that popu itself

Question 18

Density independatn regualtion factor

Answer 18

• when natural disastors occur, chances to live or die are same

Question 19

the two feeding dynamics between organisms

Answer 19

Predators
Prey

Question 20

Mechanical Defence Mechanism

Answer 20

• organisms with armour, shels or thorns or toxins to literally not get eaten
  ex. turtle shells, porcupine needles

Question 21

Camouflage

Answer 21

-organisms changing colour to blend environemtn to not get eaten
ex. camelion, walking stick

Question 22

Mimcry

Answer 22

organisms matching other specices colours to avoid getting eaten
ex. bee lokkni like wasp

Question 23

Warning Colouration

Answer 23

• organisms with colours to make them look poisionous
  ex. some frogs DONT EAT me

Question 24

Competition Exclusion Principle

Answer 24

2 species cannot coexist if they are competing for the same resources
- one will end up leading the other speices into extinction
- basically surivival of fittest

Question 25

Symbiosis

Answer 25

long-term relationship between different spcies

Question 26

Commensalism

Answer 26

• (+/0) rela
• one species benefits while the other is not affected
• harder to proove
  ex. bird making nest on tree

Question 27

Mutualism

Answer 27

• (+/+)
• both species benefit
  ex. termites with protists in the gut cuz they cannot digest cellulose wihtout them

Question 28

Parasitism

Answer 28

• (+/-)
• one benefits at cost of the other
  ex. lice, viruses

Question 29

Species Richness

Answer 29

of species livivng in the habitat

Question 30

Biodiversity

Answer 30

of different species in habitat

Question 31

Foundation Species

Answer 31

base or bedrock of a community n has greatest influence
ex. plants

Question 32

Keystones

Answer 32

literal KEYS in the habitat
not much of them but they have biggest impact
unerdogs
ex. sea stars

Question 33

what are Community Dynamics

Answer 33

changes in community structure n composition over time after a nat disastor

Question 34

Primary Succession

Answer 34

newly formed or exposed rock colonized by organisms
ex. dinosaurs !

Question 35

Secondary Succession

Answer 35

nat disastor occurs and only some of ecosystem remains
ex. dinosaours die and bam new organisms come thru