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trends in Bio > ch 6 & 7 mitosis n meiosis > Flashcards

ch 6 & 7 mitosis n meiosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

WHAT is genome

A

a cell’s entire DNA

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2
Q

What is the Prokaryotics Genome?

A
  • no nucleus
  • DNA is in area called nucleoid
  • has plasmids little boops of DNA outside nucelois
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3
Q

What is the Eukaryotics Genome?

A

-DNA inside nucleus
- chromosomes,
- several dbl stranded and linear DNa

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4
Q

What makes up the Human Genome?

A
  • somatic cells
  • diploids
  • gametes (haploids)
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5
Q

what are the somatic cells?

A

body cells, nOT INCLUDING SEX CELLS
- 46 chromos, 23 pairs

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6
Q

what is a Diploid?

A

Chromosome pair, referred to as 2n

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7
Q

What are Homogolous Chromosome Pairs

A
  • matched and same chromosomal pairs
  • called genes, and makes up who we are
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8
Q

What are the GENERAL MAjor phases of a Cell’s Cycle?

A
  • Interphase
  • Mitotic Phase
    (remember IM)
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9
Q

What is the G1 phase in Interphase? explain

A
  • G1 : gap one, cell gathers energy, nutrients to prepare itself for DNA replication
  • nothing happens on outside, only inside
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10
Q

What is the S phase in Interphase>

A

Synthesis
- DNa replication
- sister chromatids are created which are two EXACT copies of chromosome dna

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11
Q

what are the Sister Chromatids (Mitosis) held tg by

A

Held together in the Centromere. the mama

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12
Q

What is the G2 phase

A

Gap two
- organelles are getting duplicated and now its ready for Mitotic phase

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13
Q

What happens generally to the cell in the Mitotic Phase?

A

the cell divides itself
- formation of daughter cells that are identical to one another
- diploid to diploid

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14
Q

What is PPMAT ?

A

Mitosis phases
- prophrase
- prometaphase
-metaphase
-anaphase
-telophase

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15
Q

What happens in Prophase

A
  • nuclear envelope breaks down
  • chromosomes condense and now visible
  • spindle fibres emerge from centrosomes and go to oppo side of cell
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16
Q

what happens in Prometaphase

A
  • chromos are very condensed atp
  • kinetochores appear at centrosomes
17
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A
  • sister chromatids line up at the middle of cells
  • sisters attached to spindle fibres
18
Q

Whjat happens in Anaphase>

A

Sister Chromatids get pulled apart to oppo sides of cell

19
Q

What happens in Telophase

A

sister chromatids are now CHROMOSOMES
- and are at opposides of cells
- nucelar envelop begins to form around new chromos

20
Q

What occurs during Cytokinesis?

A

When cell divides from cleavage thing and splits into TWO DAUGHTER CELLS

21
Q

Which phase does a cell spend most time in?

A

Interphase

22
Q

What is the Benefits of both Sexual and Asexual Reproduction?

A

Sexual: genetic variability
Asexual: no need for mate and faster

23
Q

What are the different Life Cycles? explain them

A

Fertilization - plants do this and makes its own offspring
Diploid Dominant - multicelluar, has no haploid stages
Haploid Dominant = not multicelluar
Alterations of Generations - has haploid and diploid stgae

24
Q

WHAT generally happens to cell during Meiosis

A

the cell goes from Diploid to Haploid Daughter cells

25
Q

What are the rounds of Meiosis?

A

1 round of chromo duplication
2 rounds of cell dividision

26
Q

Meio Interphase 1

A
  • ismilar to mitosis
  • has G1, S, G2
27
Q

Meio Prophase 2 and important thing that occurs?

A
  • nuclear envelope breaks down
  • homo chromos are paired by cnetromere
  • Crossing Over - between the non sister chromos
28
Q

Meio Prometaphase 1

A
  • spindle fibres attach to centromeres - called Tetrad Pair
  • end of process the pairs connect to microtuble
29
Q

Meio Metaphase 1

A
  • Homo chromosomes line up down middle
    -Independant Assortment happens at random between the pairs
30
Q

Meio Anaphase 1

A

sisgter chromastids r bounded by centromere and get slowly pulled apart

31
Q

Meio Teloplahse 1

A

chromosomes pairs at oppo sides of cell
-nuc envelop forms

32
Q

Cytokinetis in Meisos

A

splits into two daughter cells and are haploid with 2 sister chromotids
- still considered haploid

33
Q

Main things that occur in Meiosis 2

A

-remaining sister chromatids must divide again
- divide in four haploid daughter cells

34
Q

how many celluar divisions occur in Mito and Meio

A

mito - 1
meio- 2

35
Q

what stage has G1, S, G2

A

interphase

36
Q

where does Crossing Over and Independent ASssrotment occur

A

Meiosis
Prophase and Metaphase

37
Q
A

trends in Bio (16 decks)

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