Ch. 9 Holistic-Dynamic Theory Flashcards
holistic-dynamic theory
(Maslow) assumes whole person = motivated by one need or another
- people have potential to grow toward psychological health + self-actualization
- not everyone reaches self-actualization
- lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs can be met
Maslow important BIO
- parents were psychologically abusive
- parents were alcoholics
- lifelong animosity towards mother (Maslow’s mother kills kittens that he brought home)
- felt inferior as a child (Jonah concept)
view of motivation
holistic approach to motivation
- motivation = complex
- people continually motivated by one need or another
- all people everywhere are motivated by some basic needs (universal law)
- needs can be arranged on hierarchy
hierarchy of needs (definition)
concept that needs are ordered in such a manner that those on a lower level must be satisfied before higher level needs become activated
hierarchy of needs
from most important to least important:
physiological safety love and belongingness esteem self-actualization
physiological
most essential hierarchy of need
- food, water, oxygen
- recurring
- can be completely or over-satisfied (which is unique to physiological needs)
- necessary for survival
safety
2nd level hierarchy of need
- security, stability, protection
- strong motivators for children
- if not satisfied, it causes basic anxiety
basic anxiety
anxiety arising from inability to satisfy physiological and safety needs
love + belongingness
3rd level hierarchy of need
- friendship + belonging
- the need to give + receive love
- if not met, may devalue it
esteem
4th level hierarchy of need
- self-respect, confidence, competence
- a desire for strength
self-actualization
highest need of hierarchy of need
other needs (not universal)
**unrelated to each other
aesthetic needs
cognitive needs
neurotic needs
aesthetic needs
need for order + beauty
cognitive needs
need for curiosity y knowledge
- when blocked, can threaten all other needs
- need become pathological if not met
neurotic needs
an unproductive relating to other people
- serve as compensation for unsatisfied basic needs
- lead to pathology whether or not they are satisfied
(ie) may lead to hoarding, OCD
discussion of needs
- reversed order of needs
- unmotivated behavior
- expressive and coping behavior
- deprivation of needs
- instinctoid nature of needs
- comparison of higher y lower needs
reversed order of needs
sacrificing safety or physical needs
ie) martyr - sacrifice for greater cause (veterans/soldiers
unmotivated behavior
caused by reflexes, maturation, or age
expressive behavior
often end in itself
- serves no other purpose than to be
- no goal, merely mode of expression
- unconscious
(ie) smile when joyful
coping behavior
ordinarily conscious, effortful, learned y determined by external environment
- purposeful
- attempts to cope w/ environment
- motivated by deficit need
free-criteria for self-actualization
(1) free from psychopathology / psych disorders / mental disorders
(2) progressed through hierarchy of needs
(3) embracing the being-values (metaneeds including truth, justice, humor y simplicity)
- indicators of psychological health
- lack leads to metapathology
(4) full use of talents, capacities y potentialities
values of self-actualizers
(metamotivation) motivated by eternal verities or basic values
characteristics of self-actualized
- more efficient perception of reality
- acceptance of self, others y nature
- spontaneity, simplicity y naturalness
- problem-centering
- need for privacy but w/ high quality relationships
- autonomy
- continued freshness of appreciation
- more likely to have peak experience
- social interest (gemeinschaffsgefuhl)
- profound interpersonal relations (quality vs. quantity)
- democratic character structure (unbiased, see things for what they are)
- discrimination btwn means y ends
- philosophical sense of humor
- creativeness
- resistance to enculturation
peak experience
euphoric psychological experience
(ie) feeling of belongingness
(ie) awe @ beauty of world
