Ch. 9 Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Question 1

holistic-dynamic theory

Answer 1

(Maslow) assumes whole person = motivated by one need or another

• people have potential to grow toward psychological health + self-actualization
• not everyone reaches self-actualization
• lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs can be met

Question 2

Maslow important BIO

Answer 2

• parents were psychologically abusive
• parents were alcoholics
• lifelong animosity towards mother (Maslow’s mother kills kittens that he brought home)
• felt inferior as a child (Jonah concept)

Question 3

view of motivation

Answer 3

holistic approach to motivation

• motivation = complex
• people continually motivated by one need or another
• all people everywhere are motivated by some basic needs (universal law)
• needs can be arranged on hierarchy

Question 4

hierarchy of needs (definition)

Answer 4

concept that needs are ordered in such a manner that those on a lower level must be satisfied before higher level needs become activated

Question 5

hierarchy of needs

Answer 5

from most important to least important:

physiological
safety
love and belongingness
esteem
self-actualization

Question 6

physiological

Answer 6

most essential hierarchy of need

• food, water, oxygen
• recurring
• can be completely or over-satisfied (which is unique to physiological needs)
• necessary for survival

Question 7

safety

Answer 7

2nd level hierarchy of need

• security, stability, protection
• strong motivators for children
• if not satisfied, it causes basic anxiety

Question 8

basic anxiety

Answer 8

anxiety arising from inability to satisfy physiological and safety needs

Question 9

love + belongingness

Answer 9

3rd level hierarchy of need

• friendship + belonging
• the need to give + receive love
• if not met, may devalue it

Question 10

esteem

Answer 10

4th level hierarchy of need

• self-respect, confidence, competence
• a desire for strength

Question 11

self-actualization

Answer 11

highest need of hierarchy of need

Question 12

other needs (not universal)

Answer 12

**unrelated to each other

aesthetic needs
cognitive needs
neurotic needs

Question 13

aesthetic needs

Answer 13

need for order + beauty

Question 14

cognitive needs

Answer 14

need for curiosity y knowledge

• when blocked, can threaten all other needs
• need become pathological if not met

Question 15

neurotic needs

Answer 15

an unproductive relating to other people

• serve as compensation for unsatisfied basic needs
• lead to pathology whether or not they are satisfied

(ie) may lead to hoarding, OCD

Question 16

discussion of needs

Answer 16

• reversed order of needs
• unmotivated behavior
• expressive and coping behavior
• deprivation of needs
• instinctoid nature of needs
• comparison of higher y lower needs

Question 17

reversed order of needs

Answer 17

sacrificing safety or physical needs

ie) martyr - sacrifice for greater cause (veterans/soldiers

Question 18

unmotivated behavior

Answer 18

caused by reflexes, maturation, or age

Question 19

expressive behavior

Answer 19

often end in itself

• serves no other purpose than to be
• no goal, merely mode of expression
• unconscious

(ie) smile when joyful

Question 20

coping behavior

Answer 20

ordinarily conscious, effortful, learned y determined by external environment

• purposeful
• attempts to cope w/ environment
• motivated by deficit need

Question 21

free-criteria for self-actualization

Answer 21

(1) free from psychopathology / psych disorders / mental disorders
(2) progressed through hierarchy of needs

(3) embracing the being-values (metaneeds including truth, justice, humor y simplicity)
- indicators of psychological health
- lack leads to metapathology

(4) full use of talents, capacities y potentialities

Question 22

values of self-actualizers

Answer 22

(metamotivation) motivated by eternal verities or basic values

Question 23

characteristics of self-actualized

Answer 23

• more efficient perception of reality
• acceptance of self, others y nature
• spontaneity, simplicity y naturalness
• problem-centering
• need for privacy but w/ high quality relationships
• autonomy
• continued freshness of appreciation
• more likely to have peak experience
• social interest (gemeinschaffsgefuhl)
• profound interpersonal relations (quality vs. quantity)
• democratic character structure (unbiased, see things for what they are)
• discrimination btwn means y ends
• philosophical sense of humor
• creativeness
• resistance to enculturation

Question 24

peak experience

Answer 24

euphoric psychological experience

(ie) feeling of belongingness
(ie) awe @ beauty of world

Question 25

philosophy of science

Answer 25

• argued for humanity, holistic approach that does not value free
• psych science should stress importance of individual procedure
• scientists should put values, emo y virtual back into their work y be creative in pursuit of knowledge

Question 26

measuring self-actualization

Answer 26

personal orientation inventory (POI)
short index of self-actualization
brief index of self-actualization

Question 27

factors of the brief index of self-actualization

Answer 27

core self-actualization
autonomy
openness to experience
comfort w/ solitude

Question 28

personal orientation inventory (POI)

Answer 28

comprehensive measure of the values y behaviors of self-actualizing people

Question 29

Jonah complex

Answer 29

fear of being or doing one’s best

• abnormal syndrome
• everyone has some timidity about seeking perfection or greatness
• people allow false humility to stifle creativity y therefore prevent self from becoming self-actualized

Question 30

psychotherapy

Answer 30

aim: client embrace the being-values
- free clients from dependence on others so their natural impulses can grow into more active
- must not be value free