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PSY321 > Ch. 13 Five-Factor Trait Theory > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Five-Factor Trait Theory Flashcards

1
Q

factor + trait theories

A

utilize factor analytic methods to determine how many traits or dispositions
- disagreement on how many personality traits (Cattell vs. McCrae/Costa)

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2
Q

Cattell’s trait theory

A

used inductive method to gather data for personality + cognitive

  • used 3 different media of observation
  • divided traits into common + unique traits as well as classified by temperament, motivation + ability

approach -> 35 primary or first-order traits
(broken into stratums)

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3
Q

media of observation

A

(Cattell) ways of collecting personality data

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4
Q

types of media of observation (3):

A

(Cattell)

L data (Life Record)
Q data (Self Report)
T data (objective test)
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5
Q

correlation coefficient

A

(Cattell) determine how closely related
- may be +/- or high/low

a mathematical index used to measure the direction y magnitude of the relationship btwn 2 variables

(ie) height + weight have (+) correlation

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6
Q

factor analysis

A

(Cattell) a mathematical procedure for reducing a large number of variables to a few
- used to ID personality traits and factors

(ie) grouping or clusters

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7
Q

factor loading

A

(Cattell) how closely related [correlation] each factor are to group

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8
Q

unipolar traits

A

(Cattell) traits w/ only 1 pole

  • scaled from 0 to x
  • varies but no opposites

(ie) height

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9
Q

bipolar traits

A

(Cattell) traits w/ 2 poles

  • scaled from minus point to a positive point
  • 0 = midpoint
  • varies

(ie) extroversion vs. introversion

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10
Q

Five-Factor Model (FFM)

A

(Costa/McCrae)
orthogonal rotation
- results in fewer traits that are not necessarily correlated

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11
Q

Cattell theory of personality

A

oblique rotation results in more traits that are correlated

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12
Q

Big-Five theory

A

(Costa/McCrae) taxonomy (classification) of basic personality traits revealed by factor analysis

  • can predict + explain behavior
  • originally a FFM
  • originally 3 factor model
  • analyzed every major personality inventory to create Big-Five
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13
Q

NEO

A

(Costa/McCrae) original model that became Big-Five

neuroticism
openness
extroversion

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14
Q

reasoning for universality of Big-Five (Costa/McCrae)

A

(1) cross-cultural - regardless of culture, present worldwide
(2) demonstrate stability over time + permanence w/ age

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15
Q

Five-Factor described

A

(Costa/McCrae) believed traits were bipolar + follow a bell-shaped distribution

extraversion
neurocitism
openness
agreeableness
conscientiousness
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16
Q

extraversion

A

affectionate joiner VS reserved/loner

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17
Q

neuroticism

A

anxious, emotional, moody, temperamental VS calm + even-tempered

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18
Q

openness

A

imaginative, creative VS down to earth, concrete, uncreative

19
Q

agreeableness

A

soft-hearted, trusting VS ruthless, suspicious

20
Q

conscientiousness

A

conscientious, hardworking VS negligent, lazy

**not the same as reserved/extroversion

21
Q

McCrae + Costa

A

collaborated juntos to create Five-Factor Theory

  • claimed this to be a FACT
  • thought early theories of personality over-relied on clinical experiences + speculation (ie. Freud = philosophy + case studies)
22
Q

core components of personality

A

(Costa/McCrae)
basic tendencies
characteristic adaptations
self-concept

23
Q

basic tendency

A

(Costa/McCrae) the universal raw material of personality

  • core component of personality
  • caused by biology
  • relatively stable
  • 5 dimensions

(ie) neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness

24
Q

characteristic adaptations

A

(Costa/McCrae) core component of personality

  • differ btwn cultures
  • subject to change depending on environment
  • more flexibility

(ie) language
(ie) skills, goals
(ie) habits, motives

25
Q

self-concept

A

(Costa/McCrae) knowledge, views + evaluations of self

  • core component of personality
  • originally characteristic adaptation
26
Q

peripheral components of personality

A

(Costa/McCrae)
biological bases
objective biography
external influences

27
Q

biological bases

A

(Costa/McCrae) genes, hormones y structures that affect basic components

  • peripheral component of personality
  • single causal influence on personality traits or basic tendencies
28
Q

objective biography

A

(Costa/McCrae) all experiences over a person’s lifetime

  • peripheral component of personality
  • not subjective interpretation

(ie) everything a person does, think,s or feels

29
Q

external influences

A

(Costa/McCrae) social situations that influence us

  • peripheral component of personality
  • knowledge, views y evaluations of the self
30
Q

postulates for basic tendencies

A 
(Costa/McCrae)
individuality
origin
development
structure
31
Q

individuality

A

(Costa/McCrae) we are all unique y have varying levels + combos of the Big-Five traits

  • postulate for basic tendencies
  • where we fall on scale is unique
32
Q

origin

A

(Costa/McCrae) basic traits, not personality overall,, are due to solely biology
- postulate for basic tendency

33
Q

development

A

(Costa/McCrae) assume traits change through childhood but slows as we grow older (adolescence)
- postulate for basic tendency

34
Q

structure

A

(Costa/McCrae) hierarchical structure

- postulate for basic tendency

35
Q

postulates for characteristic adaptations

A

(Costa/McCrae)
adaptation
maladjustment
plasticity

36
Q

adaptation

A

(Costa/McCrae) we adapt our environment based on our basic traits

  • postulate for characteristic adaptation
  • acquire patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are consistent w/ their personality traits and earlier adaptations

(ie) extraverted person joins dance club
(ie) an assertive person becomes a lawyer or business executive

37
Q

maladjustment

A

(Costa/McCrae) occurs when our responses are not consistent w/ our goals or cultural values
- postulate for characteristic adaptation

(ie) extreme introversion may lead to pathological social shyness + prevent people from going out of the house or holding a stable job

38
Q

plasticity

A

(Costa/McCrae) characteristic adaptations can change over time due to biological development or change in environment
- postulate of characteristic adaptation

(ie) Phineas Gage
(ie) stroke changes a person’s personality a bit

39
Q

critique

A

very high parsimony + generating research

high organizing knowledge

moderate falsifiablity

moderate to low guide for practitioners + internal consistency

40
Q

concept of humanity

A

biology > social influence

conscious > unconscious

uniqueness > similarity

41
Q

L data

A

(Cattell) life record derived from observations made by other people

42
Q

Q data

A

(Cattell) self-reports obtained from questionnaires y otro techniques designed to allow people to make subjective descriptions of themselves

43
Q

T data

A

objective tests which measure performance such as intelligence, speed of responding y otro such activities designed to challenge people’s maximum performance

PSY321 (12 decks)

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