Ch. 8 Post-Freudian Theory Flashcards
post-Freudian theory
(Erikson) theory of personality that extended Freud’s developmental stages into old
- each age has specific psychosocial struggle that contributes to formation of personality
- life-cycle approach to personality
Erikson
came up w/ post-Freudian theory
- applied diff. perspectives/societies for human development
- researched Sioux Nation and Yurok Nation
- combined methods of psychoanalysis + historical research to study personality
emphasis of post-Freudian theory
(1) social relationships + historical influences
(2) expansion of psychosexual to psychosocial
(3) identity
Erikson important background info
- never really knew his biological father (lead to many identity crises)
- did not feel accepted into Jew or Gentile community (blond hair, blue eyes)
- overall life marked by many identity crises
ego
a person’s ability to unify experiences and actions in an adaptive manner
- weak as a child
- strengthens by adolescence
- 3 different ego aspects
- largely shaped by culture
ego aspects
(1) body ego
(2) ego ideal
(3) ego identity
body ego
how we see physical self as different from other people
- experiences w/ our body
- may be satisfied or dissatisfied
ego ideal
typical ego from Freud
how we compare to ideal self
- satisfaction w/ our entire personal identity
ego identity
how we see ourselves in diff. roles throughout life
- shaped by multiplicity of conflicts and events (past, present, and anticipated)
epigenetic principle
ego grows as our organs do
- one component grows out of another in its proper time and sequence
stages of psychosocial development (8)
infancy early childhood play-age school age (sexual latency) adolescence (social latency) young adulthood adulthood old age
basic points about stage approach
- must resolve previous stage before moving to next
- every stage has interaction of opposites
- conflict produces ego quality or basic strength
- too little strength @ one stage leads to core psychopathology at later stage
- stages biological in nature
- earlier stages does not lead to later personality disorder
interaction of opposite
a conflict btwn a syntonic element + dystonic element
syntonic
harmonious
(ie) during infancy = basic trust
dystonic
disruptive
(ie) during infancy = basic mistrust
basic strength
the ego quality that emerges from the conflict btwn antithetical elements of the stages of development
core pathology
a psychosocial disorder @ any stage of the 8 stages of development that results from too little basic strength
indent crisis
a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heighted potential
- susceptible to major modifications in identity (+/-)
- not a catastrophic event
- opportunity for either adaptive or maladaptive adjustment
infancy
stage of development
- oral-sensory mode
- modes of incorporation: receiving + accepting
- depends on parents’ response to child
- strength: hope
basic trust vs. basic mistrust
oral-sensory mode
(infant) infant’s first psychosexual mode of adapting
hope
basic strength/virtue of infancy
- learn to expect that future distresses will meet w/ satisfactory outcomes
early childhood
stage of development
- anal-urethral-muscular mode
- strength: will
autonomy vs. shame/doubt
**desire to DO things
anal-urethral-muscular mode
(early childhood) young child’s psychosexual mode of adapting
will
basic strength of early childhood
- beginning of freewill and willpower
- inadequate will learns to compulsion
play-age
stage of development
- genital-locomotor mode (phallic)
- strength: purpose
- matches up to Freud’s genital stage (Oedipus complex)
initiative vs. guilt
**doing the RIGHT thing
genital-locomotor mode
(play-age) preschool child’s psychosexual mode of adapting
purpose
basic strength of early childhood
- manufacture elaborate fantasies of what is like to be grown up, omnipotent, etc
- may produce guilt
school age
(sexual latency) stage of development
- latency
- strength: competence
industry vs. inferiority
**doing things WELL
latency
(school age) psychosexual mode of the school-age child
- period of little sexual development
- develop competence or incompetence
industry
(school age) industriousness, a willingness to remain busy w/ something and finish a job
inferiority
(school age) feelings of too much guilt and too little purpose
adolescence
(social latency) stage of development
- must gain sense of ego identity
- puberty triggers expectations of adult future roles
- experiment w/ diff. roles
- strength: fidelity
identity vs. identity/role confusion
**from adolescence on, personality development involves identity crisis (turning point)
puberty
(adolescence) genital maturation
young adulthood
stage of development
- genitalia / genitality
- strength: love
intimacy vs. isolation
genitality
period of life beginning w/ puberty and continuing through adulthood
- marked by full sexual identity
adulthood
stage of development
- procreativity
- strength: care
generativity vs. stagnation
procreativity
the drive to have children and to care for them
generativity
the generation of new beings as well as new products new ideas
- concern w/ establishing + guiding the next generation
stagnation
stagnated generativity due to too absorbed in themselves, too self-indulgent
care
(adulthood) a widening commitment to take care of the persons, products, and ideas one has learned to care for
old age
stage of development
- generalized sensuality
- look back on life
- strength: wisdom
integrity vs. despair
**did I live the life I want to live?
Sioux Nation
oral fixation led to more generous
- mothers were very giving with nursing, Sioux = very generous nation
